One of the most extraordinary kinds of tadpoles is that of _Megalophrys montana_.[31] Mr. Annandale (Skeat Expedition) found it at Bukit Besar, Malay Peninsula, from 2000 to 3000 feet above the level of the sea. The tadpoles (Fig. 11) were found in the beginning of the month of May 1899 in sandy streams and in pools of rain-water; they floated in a vertical position, the peculiar membranous funnel-shaped expansion of the lips acting as surface-floats. The inside of the funnel is beset with radiating series of little horny teeth, and the whole apparatus is possibly used for scraping the under-surface of the leaves of water-plants in search of food. Total length of the tadpoles 1 inch.[32] The gills, the formation of the operculum, and the modifications of the branchial arterial arches have been described fully on p. 43; those of the hyo-branchial skeleton on p. 31. Fusion of the opercular fold with the skin of the neck, across the branchial region, causes the head to become confluent with the trunk (cf. Fig. 9, 3, p. 57). The body becomes oval, more or less globular, and the alimentary canal is greatly elongated and stowed away in the shape of a neat, very regular spiral, shining through {60}the ventral wall of the body; the anus opens at the end of a somewhat protruding tube, either in the median line, just in front of the ventral fin (Discoglossidae, _Pelobates_, _Bufo_), or it assumes an asymmetrical position by turning to the right side (_Hyla_, _Rana_). [Illustration: FIG. 11.–Tadpoles of _Megalophrys montana_ from Bukit Besar, Malay Peninsula. × 3.] Although both pairs of limbs begin to bud simultaneously, or the fore-limbs even earlier, the hind-limbs are hurried on, and appear first, long before the fore-limbs. The latter lie ready beneath the skin of the gill-chamber, and the right always breaks through the skin, while the left does the same in the Mediogyrinidae, while in the Laevogyrinidae it is generally pushed through the left-sided spiracular opening, immediately behind the outer gills. According to Barfurth the right limb appears, in about 80 per cent. of _Rana esculenta_, from two to eight hours before the left. {61}Meanwhile the lungs are being developed, and the tadpole occasionally rises to the surface to breathe air. The gills, which, as has been explained elsewhere, are less ancestral than they are larval organs, degenerate, and all the organs are modified for the coming terrestrial life. The fins of the tail are absorbed, the horny armature of the mouth and lips is shed in pieces and makes room for the true teeth, the eyes receive lids, and the whole cranium, especially the apparatus of the jaws, undergoes the final modifications–widening and lengthening of the mouth, arresting of the mento-Meckelian cartilages, elongation of the Meckelian cartilages or lower jaw proper, shifting backwards of the suspensorium, and lengthening of its orbital process to form the pterygo-palatine bridge.