Thirdly—_By means of sounds other than vocal_, as is witnessed in the stamping on the ground by various animals to intimate danger. Also the noises of insects made by rubbing their wing-cases (elytra) together, as in the cricket, etc. Fourthly—_By means of touch_, as in the cases of ants, bees, and other insects, which can convey meanings by crossing their antennæ. Fifthly—Other signs, etc., perhaps, with which we have no acquaintance, and can form no conjecture. Sixthly—Information can also probably be ascertained by smell. By any one of these means separately, or together, it doubtless is possible for very numerous species of creatures to communicate with their kind by means of a language,—little articulate it may be—but still more or less articulate, according to endowment. Let us now consider animal language by whatever mode effected; and to do so I propose to divide the subject into two sections. First—_The language of the sensations._ Second—_The language of the instinctive mind._ First—_The language expressive of the bodily sensations._ This, I have no doubt, is in great measure, if not entirely, automatic, for like as when you tread on a man’s toe, or give him a thump on the back, he involuntarily cries out—Oh! So when you tread on a cat’s tail, she gives utterance to her characteristic scream. But it is not only bodily pain that can be proclaimed aloud, but hosts of other sensations can also be expressed in various ways. The lamb, or the kitten, feels the sensation of hunger, and it doubtless involuntarily bleats, or mews, for its mother; although it does not in the least know the meaning of “Ba,” or “Mew,” or why it gives utterance to such sounds. And so of the notes of the crowing cock, the “gobbling” turkey, and the sibilant cricket, etc. And then as to numbers of other cries, etc., too numerous to mention; such as the chirping of sparrows on the approach of rain, the moaning and whining of animals in pain, the cackling of the hen after laying an egg, etc.,—all these arise doubtless from bodily sensations, and may be termed the language of the involuntary or automatic part of the organic mind. Second—_The language of the instinctive mind._ I have above briefly spoken of the language expressive of the bodily sensations, and have termed it really the automatic language of what I call the “organic mind,” or “vital force.” Now we must speak of the language capable of being used by the “instinctive mind”—a language, I believe, that is sometimes involuntary or automatic, but which at other times is under the voluntary control of such kind of will, judgment, and choice as is capable of being exercised by the creature according to its mental endowment as decreed and specialized.