The deer is a fine representative of the ruminant, with solid branching horns. Like all ruminants it has two toes. There is a large class of cud-chewers having hollow horns, which usually are not shed, as are the solid horns. The Buffalo, Ox, Sheep, Goat and Antelope belong to this division. [Illustration: OX SKELETON. 10, horns; 8, spine; A, cervical, B B, dorsal, C, lumbar, D, sacral, and E E caudal vertebræ; F F, ribs; G, sternum and cartilages; R, ossa innominata; H, scapula; I, humerus; K, radius; L, ulna; N, metacarpal; S, femur; T, patella; U, tibia; V, hock; X, metatarsal; Y, small metatarsal; P, sesamoids; Y, bones of tarsus, nine in number. Figures near Z: 1, infero maxilla; 2, supero maxilla; 3, premaxilla; 4, nasal; 5, lachrymal; 6, frontal. Figures near letter M, bones of the carpus or knee, 1, trapezium; 2, cuniform; 3, lunar; 4, scaphoid; 5, unciform; 6, magnum. Figures near the letter Q, mark the three phalanges, or small bones of the foot.] The Giraffe, an inhabitant of Central Africa, and remarkable for its long neck, is another ruminant. The camel also belongs here. The true camel has two fatty humps upon its back; another species, called the dromedary, has but a single hump. The camel has a peculiar modification of one compartment of the ruminant stomach. The paunch is divided into cells which hold supplies of water. ORDER X.—_Carnivora_ (flesh-eaters). The distinguishing characteristics of this order are sharp canine teeth, and one molar on each side in the upper and lower jaw, longer and sharper than the rest; and feet which are provided with toes, generally supplied with claws. According to the modifications of the feet they are divided into _Pinnigrades_, _Plantigrades_ and _Digitigrades_. The first have short, webbed feet which they use as paddles for swimming, and are represented by Seals and Walruses. These are amphibious mammals of a high order. They spend much of their time in the water, and both the form and covering of their bodies are adapted to their aquatic mode of life. They swim and dive with the greatest facility. The soft woolly down, close to the skin, is covered with a coat of long, smooth, shining hairs which lie close to the body, offering no resistance to their passage through the water. Their skins and oil are of considerable mercantile importance. The Plantigrades include those animals which in walking place the sole of the foot flat upon the ground. Such are Bears and Raccoons. The Digitigrades are those which walk on the toes, as Weasels, Foxes, Dogs, Cats, Lions and Tigers.