The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine BuildingLethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Religion
The Church of Sancta Sophia, Constantinople: A Study of Byzantine Building
Lethaby, W. R. (William Richard)
Ayasofya Müzesi
The prothesis and diakonikon of S. Sophia are very infrequently
mentioned by those names. In the catalogue of the Constantinopolitan
patriarchs we read of “relics being kept in the diaconicum.”[128]
The diakonikon is also named where Codinus speaks of the emperor
as “hearing the prayers of S. Basil near the diakonikon,” and the
prothesis is mentioned in the passage on p. 63. Certain divisions
of the church at the east end are however frequently mentioned by
Porphyrogenitus, the Anonymous, and the Russian pilgrims. Thus we have
the skeuophylakium (treasury of vessels) and other chapels referred to.
The skeuophylakium of the Anonymous seems to be the same as the “lesser
sanctuary” of Anthony, by which stood the cross which gave the exact
height of Christ. This lesser sanctuary, or skeuophylakium, is probably
the diakonikon--“the oratory in front of the metatorion”--where the
relics of the Passion were kept.[129] Again we read: “Then by the
right-hand side of the bema, they enter the oratory where stands the
silver crucifix ... after worshipping they ascend by the cochlea
[spiral stair, we suppose at south-east angle where minaret now is]
which is by the part called the Holy Well, to the eastern part of the
right-hand catechumena.” Again, “Then by the right-hand side of the
bema, they enter the oratory where stands the silver crucifix.”[130]
_The Holy Well and Metatorion._--The Holy Well, so frequently mentioned
in the _Ceremonies_, seems to have been not merely an object but a
division of the church. Labarte makes it a chamber external to the
church on the south side, but the Anonymous shows that it was to the
east, by speaking of “that part of the temple in which was the Holy
Well, the bema, and the ambo.” The author of an account of “the miracle
in the Holy Well of the Great Church” speaks of a picture of Christ
as being by the eastern gate, “where is the holy mouth of the well of
Samaria.”[131]
The Russian pilgrims generally speak of the Samaritan well, from which
flowed water from the Jordan, as “in the sanctuary:” the Anonymous
Russian says “in the chapel to the right.” At this time it was probably
in one of the eastern chapels, which, may have been identical with
the prothesis or diakonikon. Some passages of the _Ceremonies_ seem
to imply that in the tenth century the Holy Well was without the
building; thus we hear of the “embolos [portico] of the Holy Well:”
and again, “from the Holy Well, they enter by the door leading to the
church;”[132] possibly it was moved later, but probably one of the
eastern attached chapels will fulfil the conditions. In our Fig. 5
we have followed Du Cange’s ground-plan in the distribution of these
eastern chapels. It is possible that the round north-east building
was used as a great sacristy as Salzenberg suggests; Grelot calls it
so on his plan, and T. Smith says this was a tradition. The Anonymous
definitely distinguishes the Skeuophylakium, the Holy Well, and the
Chapel of S. Peter.
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