‘But the Philosophy-schools, through all the universities of Christendom, grounded upon certain texts of Aristotle, teach another doctrine; and say, For the cause of vision, that the thing seen sendeth forth on every side a _visible species_, (in English) _a visible show_, _apparition_, _aspect_, or _being seen_; the receiving whereof into the eye, is _seeing_. And for the cause of _hearing_, that the thing heard sendeth forth an _audible species_, that is, an _audible aspect_, or _audible being seen_; which entering at the ear, maketh _hearing_. Nay, for the cause of _understanding_ also, they say the thing understood sendeth forth an _intelligible species_, that is an _intelligible being seen_; which coming into the understanding, makes us understand. I say not this as disapproving the use of universities: but because I am to speak hereafter of their office in a commonwealth, I must let you see on all occasions by the way, what things would be amended in them; amongst which the frequency of insignificant speech is one.’—_Leviathan_, p. 4. Thus far our author. It is evident that in this account he has laid the foundation of Berkeley’s ideal system, though he does not seem any where to have gone the whole length of that doctrine. He has entered more at large into this point in the ‘Discourse of Human Nature,’ published in 1640, ten years before the ‘Leviathan’; and as the subject is curious, and treated in a very decisive way, I will quote the concluding passage, which is a recapitulation of the rest.