Another objection to the earth-movement hypothesis was this: it did not account for interglacial conditions. The advocates of that hypothesis imagined that these conditions would supervene when the highly elevated northern regions were depressed to their present level. But these were the conditions that obtained at the present time; and yet in spite of them the climate was neither so equable nor so genial as that which obtained in interglacial times and during the mild stage of the necessary post-glacial period. Therefore, he said that the earth-movement hypothesis should be rejected, not only because it was highly improbable that such wonderfully rhythmic elevations and depressions of northern lands could have taken place, but chiefly because it did not explain the conditions of the glacial periods and interglacial times. Still, Professor Geikie says that in glacial and in post-glacial times changes in the relative level of the land and sea had taken place; and it is reasonable to suppose that such changes were obtained in the high latitudes of both hemispheres during the breaking up of the last ice age. We have previously pointed out that much of the ice of the glacial period in the southern hemisphere was melted away, and its waters warmed sufficiently to assist the Gulf Stream and Japanese current to bring about a mild period in the northern hemisphere; for without such assistance they would be unable to disperse the vast ice-sheets of the northern latitudes. Still, the attraction of the southern ocean waters into the northern seas must have commenced as soon as the growing ice-sheets of the large continents and islands of the high northern latitudes surpassed the growth and weight of the glaciers on the smaller lands of the southern hemisphere. Hence the attraction of the ocean waters northward overcomes the force of the prevailing winds from moving an undue portion of the ocean’s surface waters southward. Consequently, the movement of water from the southern seas into the northern latitudes continued so long as the vast northern ice-sheets increased in weight greater than the glaciers of the southern hemisphere. Therefore, at the perfection of a frigid age straits and channels situated so far southward as the Magellan and Cape Horn channels were much diminished in width and depth or entirely deprived of their waters. Through this cause such reduced channels were readily filled with glaciers in a region of great snow-fall. The depth of water on the submerged northern lands at the close of the glacial period is not known. According to Professor Dawson, in the township of Montague in Ontario the skeleton of a whale was found in post-glacial deposits 440 feet above tide-water, and marine shells are known to occur on Montreal mountain at an elevation of 520 feet above the ocean; and it is said that there are traces of submergence of over one thousand feet in the higher latitudes, including the islands of Great Britain.