The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
The males (fig. 142) differ, at first sight, extremely from the females.
The legs are ringed as in the female and the brown parts are wider and
less obscured by white hairs, while the white parts are whiter. The
cephalothorax is dark brown, with a white stripe on each side under the
eyes bending toward each other but not connected. The front of the head
is also white and covered with long white hairs. The palpi have the
femur dark brown at the base and white at the end. The patella and tibia
are brown, and the tarsus is brown, with white hairs on the upper side.
The abdomen is white in front and around the sides. The middle is dark
brown, with a few yellow and greenish scales. The brown area is often
notched at the sides in four points and sometimes indistinctly divided
into four pairs of spots, as in the female. The male palpi are large for
the size of the spider, and the palpal organ extends back beyond the
tibia.
[Illustration: FIGS. 145, 146, 147, 148. Icius palmarum.--145, male.
146, female. Both enlarged six times. 147, front of head of male. 148,
abdomen of female to show a variety of marking.]
$Icius palmarum.$--This is very common on trees and bushes, and may be
mistaken for _Dendryphantes æstivalis_, which it much resembles. It
differs from _æstivalis_ in both sexes in being a little smaller and
more slender and in the females lighter colored. In the males the head
is wider, the front legs longer and darker colored than in _æstivalis_,
and the mandibles longer and more nearly horizontal.
The living female has the legs and palpi transparent white, sometimes a
little darker at the ends of the joints. The whole body is covered with
light gray or white scales mixed with fine black hairs. The abdomen has
a row of darker triangular spots in the middle and oblique rows of small
spots at the sides. In alcohol the legs become yellow and the rest of
the body red, as in _æstivalis_, afterward fading to a dirty yellow. The
markings of the abdomen become more distinct and in some individuals
form four large dark brown spots.
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