The Common Spiders of the United StatesEmerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Science
The Common Spiders of the United States
Emerton, J. H. (James Henry)
Spiders -- United States
The males have the front legs very dark brown. The other legs are
transparent white. The cephalothorax and abdomen are dark reddish brown
mixed with shining greenish white scales and sometimes copper red around
the eyes. On each side is a white stripe the whole length of the body,
the two meeting in front below the eyes. The mandibles, maxillæ, and
palpi are dark brown. Some males show indistinctly dorsal markings of
the abdomen like the female. The mandibles of the male are longer than
those of the female and more or less turned forward according to their
length. In some the mandibles are only a little longer than those of the
female, and in these the patella and tibia of the front legs are not
much longer than the femur. In others, usually larger spiders, the
mandibles are nearly as long as the cephalothorax and extend forward
horizontally, the maxillæ are longer, and the first pair of legs have
the patella and tibia one and a half times as long as the femur. The
female is longer in proportion to its width than in _æstivalis_ and has
the front legs stouter. The epigynum has two small anterior openings
directed forward instead of toward each other, as in _æstivalis_. This
and the next species live on low bushes all summer.
[Illustration: FIG. 149. Icius mitratus.--Male enlarged six times.]
$Icius mitratus.$--This species closely resembles _Icius palmarum_,
differing mainly in color. The legs are all white in both sexes, and the
mandibles of the male are white and not long and horizontal, as in
_palmarum_. The females resemble _palmarum_ so closely that it is
difficult to tell them apart. The cephalothorax is a trifle wider, and
the abdomen narrower, and the front legs longer than in _palmarum_. The
general color is whiter, and the spots on the abdomen are more distinct,
as in fig. 148. The male has the legs white or a little greenish, with
long white hairs, those on the front legs longer than the diameter of
the legs. The rest of the body is white, except a light brown stripe in
the middle of the cephalothorax and abdomen, covered with light yellow
hairs, through which three or four dark spots show indistinctly on the
abdomen (fig. 149). When fighting with other males, or when approaching
the female, the hairy front legs are straightened and extended sidewise.
[Illustration: FIGS. 150, 151. Icius elegans.--150, female. 151, male.
Both enlarged six times.]
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