The Concept of Nature: The Tarner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College, November 1919Whitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
The Concept of Nature: The Tarner Lectures Delivered in Trinity College, November 1919
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Nature; Science -- Philosophy
The required character of the abstractive sets which form
event-particles would be secured if we could define them as having the
property of being covered by any abstractive set which they cover. For
then any other abstractive set which an abstractive set of an
event-particle covered, would be equal to it, and would therefore be a
member of the same event-particle. Accordingly an event-particle could
cover no other abstractive element. This is the definition which I
originally proposed at a congress in Paris in 1914[9]. There is however
a difficulty involved in this definition if adopted without some further
addition, and I am now not satisfied with the way in which I attempted
to get over that difficulty in the paper referred to.
[9] Cf. 'La Théorie Relationniste de l'Espace,' _Rev. de Métaphysique et
de Morale_, vol. XXIII, 1916.
The difficulty is this: When event-particles have once been defined it
is easy to define the aggregate of event-particles forming the boundary
of an event; and thence to define the point-contact at their boundaries
possible for a pair of events of which one is part of the other. We can
then conceive all the intricacies of tangency. In particular we can
conceive an abstractive set of which all the members have point-contact
at the same event-particle. It is then easy to prove that there will be
no abstractive set with the property of being covered by every
abstractive set which it covers. I state this difficulty at some length
because its existence guides the development of our line of argument. We
have got to annex some condition to the root property of being covered
by any abstractive set which it covers. When we look into this question
of suitable conditions we find that in addition to event-particles all
the other relevant spatial and spatio-temporal abstractive elements can
be defined in the same way by suitably varying the conditions.
Accordingly we proceed in a general way suitable for employment beyond
event-particles.
Let σ be the name of any condition which some abstractive sets fulfil. I
say that an abstractive set is 'σ-prime' when it has the two
properties, (i) that it satisfies the condition σ and (ii) that it is
covered by every abstractive set which both is covered by it and
satisfies the condition σ.
In other words you cannot get any abstractive set satisfying the
condition σ which exhibits intrinsic character more simple than that of
a σ-prime.
There are also the correlative abstractive sets which I call the sets of
σ-antiprimes. An abstractive set is a σ-antiprime when it has the two
properties, (i) that it satisfies the condition σ and (ii) that it
covers every abstractive set which both covers it and satisfies the
condition σ. In other words you cannot get any abstractive set
satisfying the condition σ which exhibits an intrinsic character more
complex than that of a σ-antiprime.
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