In Art. 104 we found that if one coil connected with a battery were
quickly moved into the presence of another coil connected with a
galvanometer, an induced current would be generated in the latter coil,
and would affect the galvanometer, its direction being the reverse of
that passing in the other. Now, an electric current implies energy, and
we may therefore conclude that some other form of energy must be spent,
or disappear, in order to produce the current which is generated in the
coil attached to the galvanometer.
Again, we learn from Art. 100 that two currents going in opposite
directions repel one another. The current generated in the coil
attached to the galvanometer or secondary current will, therefore,
repel the primary current, which is moving towards it; this repulsion
will either cause a stoppage of motion, or render necessary the
expenditure of energy, in order to keep up the motion of this moving
coil. We thus find that two phenomena occur simultaneously. In the
first place, there is the production of energy in the secondary coil,
in the shape of a current opposite in direction to that of the primary
coil; in the next case, owing to the repulsion between this induced
current and the primary current, there is a stoppage or disappearance
of the energy of actual motion of the moving coil. We have, in fact,
the creation of one species of energy, and at the same time the
disappearance of another, and thus we see that the law of conservation
is by no means broken.
141. We see also the necessary connection between the two electrical
laws described in Arts. 100 and 104. Indeed, had these laws been other
than what they are, the principle of conservation of energy would have
been broken.
For instance, had the induced current in the case now mentioned been
in the same direction as that of the primary, the two currents would
have attracted each other, and thus there would have been the creation
of a secondary current, implying energy, in the coil attached to the
galvanometer, along with an increase of the visible energy of motion
of the primary current--that is to say, instead of the creation of
one kind of energy, accompanied with the disappearance of another, we
should have had the simultaneous creation of both; and thus the law of
conservation of energy would have been broken.
We thus see that the principle of conservation enables us to deduce
the one electrical law from the other, and this is one of the many
instances which strengthen our belief in the truth of the great
principle for which we are contending.
142. Let us next consider what will take place if we cause the primary
current to move from the secondary coil instead of towards it.
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