The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904Sanday, W. (William)
Religion
The Criticism of the Fourth Gospel: Eight Lectures on the Morse Foundation, Delivered in the Union Seminary, New York in October and November 1904
Sanday, W. (William)
Bible. John -- Criticism, interpretation, etc.
Harnack’s account of this—coterie perhaps rather than sect—is just. ‘The
attack did not spread; it was soon defeated; but the memory of it
lingered on, and the policy of the Church, auspiciously begun by
Irenaeus, came to be that of teaching the absolute equality in rank and
value of the four component parts of the Gospel[30].’ But the point to
which I wish to call attention is that the Church writers did not allow
the existence of these Alogi to prevent them from classing the Gospel
among the Homologoumena, or books about the canonicity of which all
Christians were agreed. Eusebius uses strong language. He says that both
the Gospel and the First Epistle were accepted without dispute by his
own contemporaries as well as by the ancients (_H. E._ iii. 24. 17).
And, if it is said that Eusebius was writing a century and a half after
the Alogi, when that little side-eddy of opinion had subsided and been
forgotten, it is not Eusebius alone who ignores their existence in this
manner. Irenaeus is one of those who certainly knew about them; and yet
he regards the Four Gospels, our present four, as a sort of divine
institution, deeply implanted in the nature of things, directly presided
over and inspired by Christ the Word (_adv. Haer._ iii. 11. 9). A little
later Clement of Alexandria speaks of the same Four Gospels as specially
handed down among Christians (_Strom._ iii. 13. 93). And, again, a
little later Origen describes them as ‘alone unquestioned in the Church
of God under heaven’ (Eus. _H. E._ vi. 25. 4). Still earlier, a
contemporary of the Alogi, Tatian, gave effect to the same belief by
composing his Diatessaron. And the Muratorian Fragment also endorses it.
This striking unanimity from all parts of the Christian world serves to
reduce the Alogi to their right dimensions. The reason why they have
bulked rather larger than they should do is, I believe, because they
wielded the pen. It will be remembered that Dr. Salmon was for reducing
them to the single person of Caius of Rome. Schwartz also argues that
not more than a single writer _may_ be meant. He thinks that in any case
Epiphanius had a book before him[31]. The Alogi were in any case a very
ephemeral phenomenon, chiefly significant in the history of the Canon,
as marking the slight element of resistance to the establishment of the
group of Four Gospels.
II. The Oldest Solution of the Problem of the Fourth Gospel.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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