In systematizing the dance steps the French based their technique upon the ancient method. Here we find the _pas marché_, or the walking step, in which the toe is pointed and is accompanied by a springy gait, for it is often combined with a _jeté_ and a _demi coupé_, as the primary steps of the ballet. This is followed by the _jeté_, which means, spring forward on the pointed toe of the front foot so that the weight is thrown on it. To perform this it is necessary first to bend the knee and jump on the foot; second, to bring the toe of the right foot into the above-described third position; third, advance the right foot in small steps; fourth, bring the left foot behind into the fifth position and raise the right. The _pas coupé_ is a step that requires the raising of one foot to the second position, then bringing it quickly to the other foot, which is then raised. Literally it means a step cut short. A step to the side is called _coupé lateral_, it is a _coupé dessous_ if the same movement is executed in front or behind. Then there is a _demi coupé_, in which the step is half made. The _chassé_ is a step in which the feet appear to be chasing each other close to the ground. It requires the advancing of the front foot, bringing the other close to it behind, then advancing the hind foot to the front, with an _assemblé_ round the other foot. The first movement requires a step forward with right foot, bringing the toe of the left to the heel of the front foot. Then step forward, bring the foot back to third position with an _assemblé_, and let the other foot take the fifth position in front. The _battements_ is balancing on one foot, while the other is extended to the side, front or back, and returning to the fifth position, in front or at the back. In the _petit battements_ the movements are made with the toe on the ground. For theatrical dancing the leg is raised as high as possible. The _arabesque_ is a step that requires the placing of the foot in the third position, then a slide of the left foot to the second position, turning the face and body in the same direction, the left hand curved above the head. In the second movement the right foot should be well extended behind, and the right hand stretched out behind. Of a quite different nature is the _cabriole_, which means striking the feet or calves of the legs together in the course of a leap. A _demi-cabriole_ is a leap from one foot to the other, striking the feet while aloft. It requires the feet to be in the third position, sliding the right foot to the side, passing the left foot to the back, springing on the right foot, and turning and leaving the left foot still behind; the fourth movement brings the left foot forward with the right knee to the third position. Executed by trained ballet dancers with both feet in the air while the legs are rapidly separated and brought together, it is an effective trick.