The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern TimesBiese, Alfred
History
The Development of the Feeling for Nature in the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Biese, Alfred
Nature; Nature in literature
One thinks instinctively of Indian and Greek poetry, of Adonis and
the death of Baldur in the Northern Saga. But even here, where the
subject almost suggests it, there is no trace of Nature's sympathy
with man.
References to the animal world too--Chriemhild's dreams of the
falcons seized by two eagles, and the two wild boars which attacked
Siegfried, the game hunted in the forests by the heroes who run like
panthers--all show it to be of no importance.
Even such phrases as rosy-red, snow-white, etc., are rare--'Her
lovely face became all rosy-red with pleasure'; but there is a
certain tenderness in the comparisons of Chriemhild:
'Then came the lovely maiden, even as morning red from sombre clouds
outbreaking,' and, 'just as the moon in brightness excels the
brightest stars, and suddenly outshining, athwart the clouds
appears,' so she excelled all other women.
It has been said that one can hear the sighing of the north wind and
the roar of the North Sea in _Gudrun_, but this is scarcely more than
a pretty phrase. The 'dark tempestuous' sea, 'wild unfathomable'
waves, the shore 'wet from the blood of the slain,' are indeed
mentioned, but that is all.
Wat of Sturmland says to the young warriors: 'The air is still and
the moon shines clear ... when the red star yonder in the south dips
his head in the brine, I shall blow on my great horn that all the
hosts shall hear'; but it is hope of morning, not delight in the
starry sky, that he is expressing.
Indications of place too are of the briefest, just 'It was a broad
neck of land, called the Wülpensand,' or, 'In a few hours they saw
the shores where they would land, a little harbour lay in sight
enfolded by low hills clothed with dark fir trees.'
The first trace of sympathy with Nature occurs in the account of the
effect of Horand's song.
Like Orpheus, he charms the little birds and other creatures: 'He
sang with such a splendid voice, that the little birds ceased their
song.'
'And as he began to sing again, all the birds in the copse round
ceased their sweet songs.'
'The very cattle left their green pastures to hearken, the little
gold beetles stopped running among the grass, the fishes ceased to
shoot about in the brooks. He sang long hours, and it seemed but a
brief moment. The very church bells sounded sweet no longer; the folk
left the choir songs of the priests and ran to hear him. All who
heard his voice were heart-sick after the singer, so grand and sweet
was the strain.'
Indications of time are rarely found more short and concise than
here:
When night ended and day began.
On the 12th day they quitted the country.
In Maytime. On a cool morning.
This is a little richer:
It was the time when leaves spring up delightfully and birds of
all sorts sing their best in the woods.
Much more definite and distinct is:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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