During a few years the Presbyterian Church was established, and the ecclesiastical affairs of Scotland were administered in accordance with the long-cherished aspirations of the native clergy. But the alliance between the English Parliament and the Scottish Parliament and Church did not long survive the execution of Charles. Their ideas had always been different. “The English were for a civil league, we for a religious covenant,” Baillie had written six years before. The Scottish Parliament protested against the execution. The Scottish Church was willing to receive Charles the Second, if he would declare himself a Presbyterian and sign the Covenants. “If his Majesty,” Baillie writes, “may be moved to join with us in this one point, he will have all Scotland ready to sacrifice their lives for his service.” Charles consented. He subscribed the Covenants, and bound himself, by an oath, to maintain the Presbyterian Church. But the royal cause was hopeless. Cromwell’s victory at Dunbar was a crushing blow; and the battle of Worcester left Scotland at the mercy of the English army. FOOTNOTES: [42] _Register of the Privy Council of Scotland_, vi. 553. [43] Spotswood, 476. [44] _Register of the Privy Council of Scotland_, vi. 602. [45] Satire against Scotland, 1617; _Abbotsford Miscellany_, i. 297. [46] _Fœdera_, xvi. 506. [47] A brief discourse of the Happy Union of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, dedicated in private to His Majesty, 1603; Certain Articles or Considerations touching the Union, collected and dispersed for His Majesty’s better service. [48] A Preparation towards the Union of the Laws of England and Scotland. [49] _Register of the Privy Council of Scotland_, vi. 596. [50] Act. Parl. Scot. iv. 263, 11th July 1604. [51] Act. Parl. Scot. iv. 264. [52] Act in favour of the liberties of the Kirk, 11th July 1604, Act. Parl. Scot. iv. 264. Balmerino, in sending to Cecil an account of the proceedings of the Estates regarding the Union, expresses the hope that the Scottish people will prove equally tractable (_Calendar of State Papers, Domestic_, 1603-1610, p. 132). [53] _Fœdera_, xvi. 600. [54] Proclamatio pro Unione Regnorum Angliæ et Scotiæ, 20th October 1604 (_Fœdera_, xvi. 603). [55] _Calendar of State Papers, Domestic_, 1603-1610, p. 103.