[68] Thus the eleventh article of this Confession, which treats of the Ascension, contains these remarkable words: “The remembrance of quhilk day, and of the Judgement to be executed in the same, is not onelie to us ane brydle whereby our carnal lustes are refrained, bot alswa sik inestimable comfort, that nether may the threatning of wordly Princes, nether zit the feare of temporal death and present danger, move us to renounce and forsake that blessed societie, quhilk we the members have with our head and onelie Mediator Christ Jesus, whom we confesse and avow to be the Messias promised, the onelie head of his Kirk, our just Laugiver, our onelie hie Priest, Advocate and Mediator. In quhilk honoures and offices, gif Man or Angel presume to intrude themself, we utterlie detest and abhorre them, as blasphemous to our Soveraine and supreme Governour Christ Jesus.” The twenty-fifth article is entitled, “Of the Civil Magistrate”; and these two articles, when read together, contain the germ of the Scottish idea of an Established Church. This Confession was ratified by the Estates in 1567, Act. Parl. Scot. [69] “This power ecclesiasticall flowis immediatlie frome God, and the Mediator Chryst Jesus, and is spirituall, not having ane temporall heid on eirth, bot onlie Chryst, the onlie spirituall King and Gouernour of his Kirk;” “It is ane title falslie usurpit be Antichrist, to call himself heid of the Kirk, and aucht not to be attributit to angell or to mane, of what estait soeuir he be, saiffing to Chryst, the Heid and onelie Monarche in this Kirk;” “As the ministeris and vtheris of the ecclesiasticall estait, ar subiect to the magistrat ciuillie, swa aucht the persone of the magistrat be subiect to the Kirk spirituallie, and in ecclesiasticall gouernment. And the exercise of bayth thais jurisdictionis can not stande in ane persone ordinarlie” (Headis and Conclusionis of the Policie of the Kirk, cap. i.). This statement of principles, usually called the “Second Book of Discipline,” was promulgated by the Church of Scotland in 1578. CHAPTER III THE UNION DURING THE COMMONWEALTH