+----------------------+------------------------------------------------+ | | Gubernia of Voronezh. | | +----------+-------------+-----------+-----------+ |II. Classification of |Korotoyak.| |Korotoyak. | | | the families to-day | Nizhnedevitzk.| Nizhnedevitzk.| | (1887). +----------+-------------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | Average | Average | | | Per cent.| Per cent. |membership.|membership.| +----------------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-----------+ | | | | | | |Without adult workers.| 5 | 4 | 3.0 | 3.9 | |Having 1 adult worker.| 46} | 44} | 5.4 | 5.7 | | ” 2 ” workers.| 30} 76 | 32} 76 | 7.8 | 8.1 | | ” 3 or more adult| | | | | | workers.| 19 | 20 | 12.2 | 12.3 | +----------------------+----------+-------------+-----------+-----------+ +---------------------------------------+--------------------+ | | Gubernia of Ryazañ.| |II (continued). Classification of the +----------+---------+ | families to-day (1882). |Ranenburg,|Dankoff, | | |per cent. |per cent.| +---------------------------------------+----------+---------+ |Without adult workers | 7 | 7 | |Having 1 adult worker | 42} | 43} | | ” from 1-2 adult workers inclusive| 32} 74 | 31} 74 | | ” ” 2-3 ” ” ” | 13} | 13} | | ” above 3 ” ” ” | 6} 19 | 6} 19 | +---------------------------------------+----------+---------+ In 1858 the average family had from two to three adult male workers above the age of 18, while in 1882 it had only from one to two male workers. This shows that before the emancipation the compound family, consisting either of the father and his married sons, or of married brothers, was the rule. To-day the typical family is represented either by a young couple with little children, or by the father and his boys below 18, who are counted only as “half-workers,” or finally by the father and one of his adult sons. In all, the family has decreased by from three to four persons. It points out plainly that separation of the younger couple from the old stock is already an accomplished fact.[99] That this individualistic tendency develops as outside jobs gain in importance in the household economy is shown by the following figures: