The Economics of the Russian VillageHourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
History
The Economics of the Russian Village
Hourwich, Isaac A. (Isaac Aaronovich)
Agricultural laborers -- Russia; Land tenure -- Russia; Mir; Peasants; Thesis (Ph. D.)
+----------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| | Classes of Households (per cent.). |
| +-----------------------------+-------------------+
| | With regard to the number |With regard to the |
|D. of Korotoyak.| of workers. |size of the farms. |
| +------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-----+
| | | | | |Less |From 5|Above|
| |None. | One. | Two. |Three. |than 5|to 15 | 15 |
| | | | | | dessiatines. |
+----------------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-----+
|Horseless | 17 | 68 | 13 | 2 | 49 | 43 | 8 |
|With 1 horse | 3 | 63 | 28 | 6 | 20 | 65 | 15 |
|With 2 horses |} 1 | 31 | 41 | 27 {| 6 | 55 | 39 |
|With 3 horses |} | | | {| 2 | 32 | 66 |
|With 4 or more | | | | | | | |
| horses | | 7 | 22 | 71 | 1 | 18 | 81 |
+----------------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-----+
| Total | 5 | 46 | 30 | 19 | 15 | 50 | 35 |
+----------------+------+------+-------+-------+------+------+-----+
The highest class in regard to the ownership of live stock is composed
chiefly of the households of the old type that number at least three
male workers, and whose shares in the communal land exceed the average.
The households of the new type consisting of two adult male workers are
provided in the majority of cases with two working horses; but there is
a very notable minority which is gradually falling into the lower group
with only one working horse to a household.
Finally even that level appears to be too high for the households
in which there is only one male worker. Only the minority of such
households are in the position to keep up at least two working horses;
the great majority have either one horse or none, and _vice versâ_: the
groups with one horse or without horses are made up mainly of those
households with only one adult male worker, their plots only very
seldom exceeding the average, or even falling short of the average.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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