The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its propertiesMillikan, Robert Andrews
Philosophy
The electron, its isolation and measurement and the determination of some of its properties
Millikan, Robert Andrews
Electrons
Furthermore, since the observations upon the quantities occurring in
equation (4) [see (8) p. 55 of this volume] are all made upon the
same drop, all uncertainties as to whether conditions can be exactly
duplicated in the formation of successive clouds obviously disappear.
There is no theoretical uncertainty whatever left in the method
unless it be an uncertainty as to whether or not Stokes’s Law applies
to the rate of fall of these drops under gravity. The experimental
uncertainties are reduced to the uncertainty in a time determination
of from 3 to 5 seconds, when the object being timed is a single
moving bright point. This means that when the time interval is say 5
seconds, as it is in some of the observations given below, the error
which a practiced observer will make with an accurate stop watch in
any particular observation will never exceed 2 parts in 50. The error
in the mean of a considerable number of concordant observations will
obviously be very much less than this.
Since in this form of observation the of equation (5) [(8) of
this volume] is zero, and since is negative in sign, equation (5)
reduces to the simple form:[40]
[Pg 64]
It will perhaps be of some interest to introduce two tables from this
paper to show the exact nature of these earliest measurements on the
charges carried by individual particles.
TABLE IIa
SERIES 1 (BALANCED POSITIVE WATER DROPS)
Distance between plates .545 cm.
Measured distance of fall .155 cm.
Volts
Time
1 space
Time
2 spaces
2,285
2.4 sec.
4.8 sec.
2,285
2.4
4.8
2,275
2.4
4.8
2,325
2.4
4.8
2,235
2.6
4.8
2,325
2.2
4.8
2,365
2.4
4.8
2,312
2.4
4.8
TABLE IIb
SERIES 2 (BALANCED POSITIVE WATER DROPS)
Distance between plates .545 cm.
Measured distance of fall .155 cm.
Volts
Time
1 space
Time
2 spaces
2,365
1.8 sec.
4.0 sec.
2,365
1.8
4.0
2,365
2.2
3.8
2,365
1.8
4.0
2,395
2.0
4.0
2,395
2.0
4.0
2,395
2.0
3.8
2,365
1.8
4.0
2,365
1.8
4.0
2,365
1.8
4.0
2,374
1.90
3.96
TABLE III
Series
Charge
Value of
Weight
Assigned
1
3
4.59
7
2
4
4.56
7
3
2
4.64
6
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