The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For Schools — John Shaqi
The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For SchoolsGray, Asa
Science
The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For Schools
Gray, Asa
Plants
_Tubular_; when prolonged into a tube, with little or no spreading at
the border, as in the corolla of the Trumpet Honeysuckle, the calyx of
Stramonium (Fig. 246), etc.
261. Although sepals and petals are usually all blade or lamina (123),
like a sessile leaf, yet they may have a contracted and stalk-like base,
answering to petiole. This is called its CLAW, in Latin _Unguis_.
_Unguiculate_ petals are universal and strongly marked in the Pink
tribe, as in Soapwort (Fig. 248).
[Illustration: Fig. 259. Unguiculate (clawed) petal of a Silene; with a
two-parted crown.]
[Illustration: Fig. 260. A small Passion-flower, with crown of slender
threads.]
262. Such petals, and various others, may have an outgrowth of the inner
face into an appendage or fringe, as in Soapwort, and in Silene (Fig.
259), where it is at the junction of claw and blade. This is called a
CROWN, or _Corona_. In Passion-flowers (Fig. 260) the crown consists of
numerous threads on the base of each petal.
[Illustration: Fig. 261. Front view of a papilionaceous corolla. 262.
The parts of the same, displayed: _s_, Standard, or Vexillum; _w_,
Wings, or Alæ; _k_, Keel, or Carina.]
263. =Irregular Flowers= may be polypetalous, or nearly so, as in the
papilionaceous corolla; but most of them are irregular through
coalescence, which often much disguises the numerical symmetry also. As
affecting the corolla the following forms have received particular
names:
264. =Papilionaceous Corolla=, Fig. 261, 262. This is polypetalous,
except that two of the petals cohere, usually but slightly. It belongs
only to the Leguminous or Pulse family. The name means butterfly-like;
but the likeness is hardly obvious. The names of the five petals of the
_papilionaceous_ corolla are curiously incongruous. They are,
The STANDARD or _Banner_ (_Vexillum_), the large upper petal which is
external in the bud and wrapped around the others.
The WINGS (_Alæ_), the pair of side petals, of quite different shape
from the standard.
The KEEL (_Carina_), the two lower and usually smallest petals; these
are lightly coalescent into a body which bears some likeness, not to the
keel, but to the prow of a boat; and this encloses the stamens and
pistil. A Pea-blossom is a typical example; the present illustration is
from a species of Locust, Robinia hispida.
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