The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For SchoolsGray, Asa
Science
The Elements of Botany, For Beginners and For Schools
Gray, Asa
Plants
_Polypetalous_ is the counterpart term, to denote a corolla of
_distinct_, that is, separate petals. As it means "many petalled," it is
not the best possible name, but it is the old one and in almost
universal use.
_Gamosepalous_ applies to the calyx when the sepals are in this way
united.
_Polysepalous_, to the calyx when of separate sepals or calyx-leaves.
258. Degree of union or of separation in descriptive botany is expressed
in the same way as is the lobing of leaves (139). See Fig. 249-253, and
the explanations.
259. A corolla when gamopetalous commonly shows a distinction (well
marked in Fig. 249-251) between a contracted tubular portion below, the
TUBE, and the spreading part above, the BORDER or LIMB. The junction
between tube and limb, or a more or less enlarged upper portion of the
tube between the two, is the THROAT. The same is true of the calyx.
260. Some names are given to particular forms of the gamopetalous
corolla, applicable also to a gamosepalous calyx, such as
_Wheel-shaped_, or _Rotate_; when spreading out at once, without a tube
or with a very short one, something in the shape of a wheel or of its
diverging spokes, Fig. 252, 253.
_Salver-shaped_, or _Salver-form_; when a flat-spreading border is
raised on a narrow tube, from which it diverges at right angles, like
the salver represented in old pictures, with a slender handle beneath,
Fig. 249-251, 255.
[Illustration: Fig. 248. Polypetalous corolla of Soapwort, of five
petals with long claws or stalk-like bases.]
[Illustration: Fig. 249. Flower of Standing Cypress (Gilia
coronopifolia); gamopetalous: the tube answering to the long claws in
248, except that they are coalescent: the limb or border (the spreading
part above) is _five-parted_, that is, the petals not there united
except at very base.]
[Illustration: Fig. 250. Flower of Cypress-vine (Ipomœa Quamoclit);
like preceding, but limb _five-lobed_.]
[Illustration: Fig. 251. Flower of Ipomœa coccinea; limb almost
_entire_.]
[Illustration: Fig. 252. Wheel-shaped or rotate and five-parted corolla
of Bittersweet, Solanum Dulcamara. 253. Wheel-shaped and five-lobed
corolla of Potato.]
_Bell-shaped_, or _Campanulate_; where a short and broad tube widens
upward, in the shape of a bell, as in Fig. 254.
[Illustration: Fig. 254. Flower of a Campanula or Harebell, with a
campanulate or bell-shaped corolla; 255, of a Phlox, with salver-shaped
corolla; 256, of Dead Nettle (Lamium), with labiate _ringent_ (or
gaping) corolla; 257, of Snapdragon, with labiate _personate_ corolla;
258, of Toad-Flax, with a similar corolla spurred at the base.]
_Funnel-shaped_, or _Funnelform_; gradually spreading at the summit of a
tube which is narrow below, in the shape of a funnel or tunnel, as in
the corolla of the common Morning Glory (Fig. 247) and of the Stramonium
(Fig. 246).
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