(1048–1054) Ernest, | Duke of | Swabia | | HENRY III. (1039–1056) _m._ Agnes, daughter of William, Count of Poitou | HENRY IV. (1056–1106) _m._ 1. Bertha 2. Praxedis of Russia | +-----------+-------+---------------------+ | | | Conrad, HENRY V. Agnes, Anti-Cæsar, (1106–1125) _m._ Frederick, _d._ 1101 _m._ Mathilda of England Duke of Swabia, ancestor of the Hohenstaufen CHAPTER IV FRANCE AND ITS VASSAL STATES UNDER THE LAST CAROLINGIANS AND THE EARLY CAPETIANS, 929–1108[4] The last Carolingians—Hugh the Great—Election of Hugh Capet, and its results—The first four Capetians, Hugh, Robert II., Henry I., Philip I.—The great Fiefs under the early Capetians—Normandy—Brittany—Flanders—Vermandois—Champagne and Blois—Anjou—Burgundy—Aquitaine and Poitou—Toulouse—Beginnings of French influence. [Sidenote: The last Carolingian Kings of the West Franks.] While the first great Saxon kings were reviving the power of their eastern kingdom, the expiring Carolingian house still carried on an unavailing struggle for the possession of the old realm of the West Franks. Charles the Simple was the last Carolingian to exercise any real authority in France. He had obtained a powerful ally by his concession of Normandy to Rolf and his vikings. He had witnessed the revolt of the Lotharingians from Germany to France, and had attained many successes through their support. [Sidenote: Charles the Simple, 896–929.] Yet the concluding years of his reign were troubled in the extreme, until he succumbed before the formidable coalition of Robert, Count of Paris, the brother of the dead King Odo, and the chief representative of the new order, with his two mighty sons-in-law, Herbert, Count of Vermandois, and Rudolf, Duke of Burgundy. [Sidenote: Robert, 922–923.] Robert got himself crowned king in 922, but was slain in battle in 923, leaving his famous son, Hugh the Great, too young to succeed to his disputed kingdom. This left Rudolf of Burgundy as king of the Franks, or, rather, of those who still resisted Charles the Simple [see Period I., pp. 503–5]. [Sidenote: Rudolf, 923–936.] When Charles died in prison in 929, Rudolf had no longer a nominal rival. He reigned until his death in 936. But his power was miserably weak, and real authority still resided with the great feudatories, whose possessions had now become hereditary for