The English Prison SystemRuggles-Brise, Evelyn, Sir
History
The English Prison System
Ruggles-Brise, Evelyn, Sir
Prisons -- Great Britain
The last expression of public opinion on the point is in the Report of
the Committee of 1895. It was recognized that the purpose served by
the System was to give a more deterrent character to the sentence of
Penal Servitude. The practice of serving this period in Local Prisons
was regarded with disfavour; and it was suggested that the severity
of the System might be mitigated by a substantial reduction in the
period of separation, and by the introduction of such reformatory
influences as were brought to bear on convicts at Pentonville under
the original system. Soon after that date, there was a reduction in
the period for "Star" Class and "Intermediates," _viz_:--three and
six months, respectively, but nine months still remained for men
in the "Recidivist" Class. In 1909 the whole question of separate
confinement again came under review, when it was agreed that a short
period of separate confinement was a proper preliminary of a sentence
of penal servitude, in the same way as it is of an ordinary sentence of
imprisonment with "hard labour." It was regarded that to send convicts
direct to Convict Prisons from the outer world, fresh from a criminal
and disorderly life, to associate with those whom discipline had
sobered, and, possibly, improved, would be fraught with evil; and that
there would be a constant introduction of newcomers from the outer
world with fresh news and incidents, causing general unrest in Convict
Prisons. It would give to the "old lag" what he most desires,--a
prompt renewal of association with his old companions, while to the
less criminal man it would be an intolerable suffering to be placed at
once in association at Public Works. After the fullest consideration,
the Commissioners advised that a change be made both in the duration
of the period of separate confinement for convicts, and in the method
of its execution. The Commissioners recognised that the difference of
the periods, three, six, and nine months served, respectively, by the
"Star," "Intermediate," and "Recidivist" Classes under the Rules then
in force, emphasized in a way which it might not be easy to defend,
the penal or deterrent effect of Separate Confinement. It was thought
simpler and more defensible to rest the Penal Servitude System on the
analogy furnished by the Local Prison Code, where a month's cellular
confinement precedes an ordinary sentence of Hard Labour, and that, by
analogy, three months' cellular confinement might be deemed a fitting
prelude to a sentence of Penal Servitude. Eventually, however, it
was decided that three months should be the period for "Recidivists"
only, and that the period for the convicts classed as "Star" and
"Intermediate" should be for one month, subject, of course, in every
case to medical advice, having regard to the convict's mental and
physical condition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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