Erotic literature -- History and criticism; Psychoanalysis and literature; Sex in literature
Goethe imagined that love could be disinterested, and this is really
not so. The lover seeks a return of his love, for that is just what
love means. Those novels where sacrificing lovers turn over the women
they love to rivals, as in George Sand's _Jacques_ and Dostoievsky's
_Injured and Insulted_, do not show disinterested love, but merely
obedience to an abstract idea with which the whole individual's psychic
and physical constitution is not in harmony at all. Goethe tried to
be different from what he really was. The question, "What is that to
thee if I love thee?" with its corollary that the love need not be
returned, did not come, as Goethe thought, straight from his heart.
His interest in Spinoza's sentiment, just as the creation of it by
Spinoza, was a self curative process for grief because of disprised
love. All psychoneuroses are unsuccessful efforts to purge one's self
of repressed feelings.
Now let us investigate the sentiment itself, and we will see under
analysis it has no value intellectually.
As a matter of fact, there is no warrant for Spinoza's assumption that
man does not desire that God love him in return. All religion is based
on the principle that God loves us and cares for us more than he does
for other animals, or more than he does for other tribes or religious
sects. Prayers are made to God to make us happy and prosper and satisfy
our wants. This is tantamount to saying we want His love. If God, or
Nature, as Spinoza understood Him, was only a malevolent force and
gave us undiluted pain, we would not love Him or her. Again, man does
not love God or Nature in the sense that he loves a woman, so even
if Spinoza were right that man does not desire to be loved by God or
Nature in turn, it is because that love does not promise the pleasure
derived from the returned love of the woman.
The truth is that both Spinoza and Goethe would have preferred to have
had their love returned, and had such been the case, they would not
have occupied themselves with this fatuous idea.
III
Then there is the reaction-impulse and the infantile regression
in writers. Many books are written by their authors to counteract
certain impulses. They feel that their course of conduct or thought
was reprehensible, and they try to make amends for this. They become
fanatical converts; they show a regression to a fixed period in their
own lives, and return to the religion of their parents. Writers who
in spite of being unable to believe in religious dogmas, miracles,
ascetic notions of morality, nevertheless return in later life to the
religions advocating these, belong to this class. The leading of a
wicked life, but more often the influence of childish memories of a
religious household, are responsible for such conversions. The converts
feel young again; pleasant recollections of the mother or father and
delicious memories of school days play a part in the process. Many free
thinkers who have had a theological training never really outgrow this.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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