The Essentials of Illustration: A Practical Guide to the Reproduction of Drawings & Photographs for the Use of Scientists & OthersHill, Thomas George
Science
The Essentials of Illustration: A Practical Guide to the Reproduction of Drawings & Photographs for the Use of Scientists & Others
Hill, Thomas George
Engraving -- Printing; Illustration of books; Photomechanical processes
It has been stated above that Bristol board is the best material to
use for the making of drawings for line blocks; other materials may,
however, be employed, although they are not so nice to work upon.
For instance, it may be necessary to reproduce a map; this, as has
already been mentioned, may be conveniently done by pinning over the
map a sheet of pale blue tracing linen, and tracing the map on this
with Indian ink. The fact that the linen is blue does not matter, for
it will photograph as if it were white.
Then again, many subjects may be of so complicated a nature as to be
beyond the skill of the author to draw. In such a case a good plan
is to take a photograph of the object and make a positive on smooth
bromide paper, which need only be developed sufficiently far to give a
print which just shows the features. The print, when dry, can then be
worked on with fixed Indian ink. The finished drawing, when quite dry,
may be immersed in any solution which will dissolve out the silver; a
solution of iodine in potassium iodide answers sufficiently well. The
print will turn very dark, but it must be allowed to remain in the
bath until all the silver has dissolved; it is then removed, rinsed
under the tap and placed in an ordinary fixing bath of hyposulphite
of soda. All the colouration will be quickly removed so that the ink
drawing will stand out well against the white paper. All that it now
requires is a thorough washing in water; when dry it may be touched up
and then placed under pressure in order to make it quite flat.[A]
[Footnote A: The chief disadvantage of iodine solution is its
slowness of action; the following methods are much quicker.
(_a_) To a solution of 4 oz. of hyposulphite of soda in
one pint of water, add a 10 per cent. aqueous solution of
potassium ferricyanide until the mixture is lemon coloured.
When the silver image has quite disappeared, wash the print
thoroughly in water. Since the mixture does not keep, the
ferricyanide solution should be added to the hyposulphite
solution immediately before use.
(_b_) Mix 125 ccs. of a 10 per cent. alcoholic solution of
iodine with 21 ccs. of a 10 per cent. aqueous solution of
potassium cyanide, add to the mixture 1 litre of water.
When the image has disappeared, which will be in less than a
minute, wash for five minutes in water and dry.]
This method of drawing over photographic prints will often save
a considerable amount of time. For instance, it may be desired
to reproduce a consecutive series of drawings to illustrate the
microscopic structure of the subject. The ordinary way of doing this
is to make camera lucida drawings of the sections, which is a lengthy
and tiresome process; a photograph of each section will take much less
time and will give quite as good results.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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