IMPORTANCE OF CLEARNESS OF IDEA RESPECTING THE IMPORT OF THE WORD “RACE.”--THE PELASGI.--AREA OF HOMERIC GREECE.--ACARNANIA NOT HELLENIC.--THE DORIANS.--EGYPTIAN, SEMITIC, AND OTHER INFLUENCES.--HISTORICAL GREECE.--MACEDONIANS.--GREECE UNDER ROME AND BYZANTIUM.--INROADS OF BARBARIANS.--THE SLAVONIC CONQUEST.--RECENT ELEMENTS OF ADMIXTURE. It may safely be said that the difficult question as to the relative influences of the external effects of soil, climate, physical conditions, the admixture of foreign blood, and the introduction of foreign examples on the one side, and those of what is called _race_ on the other, never rises to a greater degree of importance than it does in the ethnology of Ancient Greece. For, in our current language, we consider _race_ to mean certain original differences of organization, faculties, and capacities stamped upon different divisions of the human species from the beginning; innate qualities, as distinguished from mere developments; internal elements of the original material upon which the external agencies of climate, soil, and examples act in the different degrees of its receptivity, as contrasted with the various agencies themselves; and in this current language, many writers, who would shrink from the conclusions to which the term logically leads, unconsciously indulge. I say _unconsciously_, because it is nearly certain that, out of ten writers who talk about _race_, and assign to the word a meaning essentially the same as the one just exhibited, nine would be unwilling to deny the unity of our species--unity meaning descent from the same pair. Yet between this and a system of special interpositions the advocate of the effects of race has no alternative. How can there be two original capabilities for the reception of either moral or physical influences, and the evolution of intellectual phenomena out of them, in different members of a family descended from a single pair?