The Every-day Book and Table Book, v. 1 (of 3): or Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs and Events, Incident to Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days, in past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Month, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the AlmanacHone, William
History
The Every-day Book and Table Book, v. 1 (of 3): or Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastimes, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs and Events, Incident to Each of the Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days, in past and Present Times; Forming a Complete History of the Year, Month, and Seasons, and a Perpetual Key to the Almanac
Hone, William
Days; Great Britain -- Social life and customs
In France, the Twelfth-cake is plain, with a bean; the drawer of the
slice containing the bean is king or queen. All drink to her or his
majesty, who reigns, and receives homage from all, during the evening.
There is no other drawing, and consequently the sovereign is the only
distinguished character. In Normandy they place a child under the table,
which is so covered with a cloth that he cannot see; and when the cake
is divided, one of the company taking up the first piece, cries out,
“Fabe Domini pour qui?” The child answers, “Pour le bon Dieu:” and in
this manner the pieces are allotted to the company. If the bean be found
in the piece for the “bon Dieu,” the king is chosen by drawing long or
short straws. Whoever gets the bean chooses the king or queen, according
as it happens to be a man or woman. According to Brand, under the old
order of things, the Epiphany was kept at the French court by one of the
courtiers being chosen king, and the other nobles attended an
entertainment on the occasion; but, in 1792, during the revolution, _La
Fête de Rois_ was abolished; Twelfth-day was ordered to be called _La
Fête de Sans-Culottes_; the old feast was declared anti-civic; and any
priest keeping it was deemed a royalist. The Literary Pocket Book
affirms, that at _La Fête de Rois_ the French monarch and his nobles
waited on the Twelfth-night king, and that the custom was not revived on
the return of the Bourbons, but that instead of it the royal family
washed the feet of some people and gave them alms.
* * * * *
There is a difference of opinion as to the _origin_ of Twelfth-day.
Brand says, “that though its customs vary in different countries, yet
they concur in the same end, that is, to do honour to the Eastern Magi.”
He afterwards observes, “that the practice of choosing ‘king,’ on
Twelfth-day, is similar to a custom that existed among the ancient
Greeks and Romans, who, on the festival days of Saturn, about this
season of the year, drew lots for kingdoms and like kings exercised
their temporary authority.” Indeed, it appears, that the question is
almost at rest. Mr. Fosbroke affirms that “the king of Saturnalia was
elected by beans, and that from thence came our king and queen on this
day.” The coincidence of the election by _beans_ having been common to
both customs, leaves scarcely the possibility of doubt that ours is a
continuation of the heathen practice under another name. Yet “some of
the observances on this day are the remains of Druidical, and other
superstitious ceremonies.” On these points, if Mr. Fosbroke’s Dictionary
of Antiquities be consulted by the curious inquirer, he will there find
the authorities, and be in other respects gratified.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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