J. S. Lee has recently called attention to the existence of a glaciated area in northern China, the evidence for which consists of moraines and striated slabs found in southern Chi-li, and a glaciated valley with travelled boulders in the north of Shan-si. The glacial deposits in Chi-li are closely associated with a layer of quartzite pebbles which continues southward beneath the loess on the eastern side of the Tai-hang range, and is attributed to either torrential rain or the melting of glaciers. J. Geikie had long ago stated that there once existed ice-masses all over northern China, and considered that the ice came from the Himalayas. This origin is impossible, the probable source of the ice being the Yablonoi mountains in southern Mongolia. In the Himalayas the glaciers formerly had a much greater extension. The glaciers at present extend downwards to 11-13,000 feet, but old moraines are found at 7000 feet, and near Dalhousie on the southern slopes of the Dholadar range to 4740 feet. On the northern side of the Himalayas there was a great development of ice over Tibet, but there was not a real ice-sheet such as occurred further north. Oldham records three separate periods of glaciation in Kashmir, but it is not yet possible to discuss the glacial history of the Himalayas in detail. The latter is likely to prove complicated, since the range is still rising, and has probably been doing so either continually or intermittently throughout the Quaternary. The great development of ice in Tibet, which is now semi-arid, owing to interception of the rain-bearing winds by the Himalayan range, suggests a considerable alteration in the present meteorological conditions. The Tibetan snowfall was probably due to the Mediterranean storms, which now give a small winter rainfall in north-west India, and which during the Glacial period greatly increased in strength and frequency and occurred throughout the year (Chapters IV and VI), giving the Pluvial period of North Africa. These storms would pass across Persia and continue to the north of the Himalayas, probably breaking up over the Tibetan plateau.