Though not part of Asia, reference may be made here to the glaciation of Spitzbergen, which runs strictly parallel with that of northern Siberia. The first glaciation was of the “ice-sheet” type, originating in the region north of Storfjiord, filling the whole of that fiord and extending south of South Cape. Barentz Land and Stans Foreland were at least partially ice-covered. The ice-floor of Spitzbergen, which resembles that of Siberia, may have originated during this glaciation. This was followed by subsidence to 230 feet below present level, and the ice retreated, giving place to an “interglacial,” during which frost was very active and largely obliterated the traces of the ice-sheet. This “interglacial” was followed by a second extension of the ice, which affected the valleys and fiords only, leaving the plateaux free. This again was followed by subsidence and a warm period. In southern Kamchatka there was a great development of ice, but in the form of a network of glaciers rather than of an inland ice-sheet. In the east the ice reached the sea, but on the west it left a zone forty to sixty miles broad, and up to a thousand feet high unglaciated, so that there was the same difference then as now between the rainy east side and the drier west side of the peninsula. The present snow-line in the centre of southern Kamchatka is about 5500 feet, and at the maximum of the glaciation it must have been fully 3000 feet lower. This glaciation was followed after an interval by a second, which was confined to the mountains. The moraines of this glaciation are much fresher than are those of the earlier one. In Japan the mountains were only just high enough for glaciers to develop in the north. The moraines are old and weathered, and their meaning has been disputed; but recent work by Simotomai and Oseki seems to have established their glacial origin. The depression of the snow-line necessary to produce them—about 3000 feet—fits in very well with that observed in adjoining parts of the continent. The phenomena were confined to small hanging glaciers in the Hida mountains which cut out corries and descended to a level of about 8000 feet, leaving small morainic ridges. This glaciation was probably contemporaneous with the earlier and greater glaciation of Siberia. To the succeeding interglacial may be attributed the marine deposits found near Tokio containing corals, at present living some distance further south. No trace of any subsequent glaciation of Japan has yet been found.