The procreative need is one of the most tyrannical, and primitive man has satisfied it as he best could, without the least delicate refinement; but the egotism of individuals has had for its result, from the origin of human societies, the formation of unions based on force, and, correlatively, a right of property which fettered more or less rigorously the liberty of the women who were thus possessed. These primitive unions were concluded according to the chance caprices or needs of extremely gross societies, who cared little to submit to a uniform conjugal type. There are some very singular ones among them, which differ essentially from the legal forms of marriage finally and very tardily adopted by the majority of mankind. It is these isolated conjugal unions, extravagant and immoral in our eyes, that we now have to consider. FOOTNOTES: [66] Herodotus, Book xvi. p. 17. [67] Strabo, vol. xvi. ch. iv. p. 25. [68] Herodotus, Book i. p. 216. [69] Herodotus, iv. 104. [70] _Ibid._ iv. 180. [71] Pliny, v. 8. [72] Strabo, iv. 4. [73] Varro, _Apud. August. de Civit. Dei_., xviii. 9. [74] Goguet, _Orig. des lois_, t. iii. p. 388. [75] Quoted by Giraud-Teulon, _Orig. de la Famille_, p. 66. [76] _Trans. Ethn. Soc._, New Series, vol. ii. p. 35. [77] _Ibid._ vol. v. p. 45. [78] Bagaert, _Smithsonian Report_, p. 368, 1863. [79] Bancroft, _Native Races of Pacific_, vol. i. p. 352. [80] Wake, _Evolution of Morality_, vol. i. p. 110. [81] Campenhausen, _Bemerk. über Russland_. [82] Volney, _Syria_, ch. iii. [83] Mayeux, _Les Bédouins ou Arabes du Désert_ (1816), t. I^{er.} pp. 187, 189. [84] Herodotus, Book i. 199. [85] Strabo, vol. xi. 14. [86] Abel de Rémusat, _Nouv. mél. Asiatiques_, p. 116. [87] Herodotus, iv. 172. [88] Giraud-Teulon, _Orig. de la Famille_, p. 69. [89] Darwin, _Descent of Man_, p. 651. [90] _Ibid._ p. 651. [91] Bancroft, _Native Races_, etc., vol. i. p. 584. [92] Marco Polo, _Edition Populaire_, p. 187. [93] Laurière, _Glose du droit Français_, at the word Culage ou Culiage. [94] James Forbes, _Oriental Memoirs_, vol. i. p. 446; vol. iv. 1813. [95] A. Rémusat, _Nouv. mél. Asiatiques_, t. I^{er.} p. 118. [96] Eyre, _Discoveries_, vol. ii. p. 320. [97] Porter, _Hist. Univ. des Voy_., vol. xvi. p. 323. [98] Cook, _First Voy_. (_Hist. Univ. des Voy._., t. v. p. 252). Moerenhout, _Voy. aux îles du Grand Océan_, t. I^{er.} p. 263. [99] Bancroft, _Native Races_, etc. [100] Wake, _Evolution of Morality_, vol. i. p. 219. [101] Giraud-Teulon, _Orig. de la Famille_, p. 83. [102] _History of Greenland_, p. 142. [103] Ross, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xl. p. 158. [104] _Lettres Edifiantes_, t. xx. p. 116. [105] Bancroft, _Native Races_, etc., vol. i. p. 514. [106] Meares, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xiii. p. 375. [107] Burckhardt, _Hist. Univ. des Voy._, t. xxxii. p. 380. [108] R. Smith, _Kinship_, etc., p. 276. [109] _Les Abyssiniennes et les Femmes du Soudan Oriental_, p. 97. [110] Plutarch, _Lycurgus_.