One brief concluding remark ought to be made. The epistles now considered ought to be sufficient in themselves to show that the Apocalypse is not a series of visions intended only to illustrate one or two ideas which had taken a strong hold of the Apostle's mind, or one or two great principles of the Divine government in general. St. John starts from the realities around him as much as any writer of the New Testament. It is true that he sees in them _eternal_ principles at work, and that he rises to the thought of ideal good and of ideal evil; but he is not on that account less true to fact, less impressed by fact. On the contrary, his very depth of insight into the meaning of the facts makes him what he is. He who would write a philosophy of history is not less, but more, dependent upon the facts of history than he to whom a fact is valuable simply in its individual and isolated form. It is _the present_ therefore that stirs the writer of this book, but stirs him the more because he beholds in it principles and issues connected with Him who was, and is, and is to come, the covenant-keeping God, the Judge of _men_, the unchangeable I AM. Hence also the mistake sometimes made of thinking that the purpose of unfolding the principles of the Divine government could not be a sufficient motive to St. John to write.[85] Every cruelty to the saints of God which he witnessed, every cry of oppression which he heard, supplied a motive. We may not feel these things now, but the iron of them entered into the soul of the disciple whom Jesus loved. We need more prophets like him to make it ring in the ears of selfish wealth and of ease indifferent to the ills festering around it, "For the spoiling of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the Lord."[86] FOOTNOTES: [24] Chaps. vii. 2; viii. 2; xiv. 6, 8, 9; xv. 1, 6. [25] Chap. xiv. 15. [26] Chaps. i. 1; xx. 1; xxii. 6. [27] Chap. xvi. 5. [28] Chap. xiv. 18. [29] Chap. vii. 1. [30] Chap. ix. 11. [31] Chap. i. 4. [32] Chap. ii. 1. [33] Chap. ii. 8. [34] Chap. ii. 12. [35] Chap. ii. 18. [36] Chap. iii. 1. [37] Chap. iii. 7. [38] Chap. iii. 14. [39] Chaps. ii. 7; xxii. 2, 14. [40] Chaps. ii. 11; xx. 14. [41] Chaps. ii. 17; xiv. 1. [42] Chaps. ii. 26, 28; xx. 4, 5; xxii. 16. [43] Chaps. iii. 5; vii. 9, 14. [44] Chaps. iii. 12; xxi. 2, 10. [45] Chaps. iii. 21; xx. 4. Comp. Trench, _The Seven Epistles_, p. 37. [46] Chap. ii. 1. [47] Chap. iii. 14. [48] Comp. Rom. viii. 21, 22; James i. 18. [49] Chap. i. 19. [50] Chap. ii. 7, 11, 17. [51] Chaps. ii. 29; iii. 6, 13, 22. [52] Chap. ii. 4. [53] John xv. 2. [54] Chap. ii. 14, 15. [55] Comp. Heb. ii. 10. [56] Chap. iii. 8. [57] Chap. iii. 11. [58] Chap. iii. 17. [59] Chap. ii. 7. [60] Chap. ii. 11. [61] Chap. ii. 17. [62] Chap. ii. 26, 27. [63] Chap. iii. 5. [64] Chap. iii. 12. [65] Chap. iii. 21. [66] Chap. xviii. 4. [67] Matt. xxviii. 20. [68] Ps. xxxi. 20. [69] John xv. 20. [70] Chap. i. 17.