Locally the clays are exceptionally hard about certain centers, forming clay stones or concretions. A willow twig or shell or some organic substance is commonly present at their cores. Groundwater has deposited calcium and iron carbonate about the adjacent clay particles and cemented them into rock. _The Holyoke Range_ For years it has been a popular outdoor pastime to “walk the Range.” The distance is neither so great nor the route so rugged that it cannot be covered in the course of an afternoon, even if ample time is allotted for stops at the many lookouts. The latter provide ever changing views of the valley from Greenfield and beyond, to Meriden, Connecticut. The buildings in Hartford are easily visible on a clear day. The trail follows the crest of the Range closely and only rarely leaves the basalt lava flow. The trip is somewhat less arduous from west to east than it is in the opposite direction, and the view from Bare Mountain is a pleasant climax for those ending their hike at the Notch. At the toll booth the trail leaves the road which ascends to the Mount Holyoke Hotel and angles upward along the mountain slope. Overhead the dark basaltic lava columns rest upon red and white Triassic sandstone, and the path soon crosses the contact between the two types of rocks. A short distance above the contact the trail takes advantage of a col and climbs to the top of the ridge. Down the steep southeasterly slope Mount Holyoke College appears in the distance through a screen of oak trees. The remainder of the climb is gentle, and soon the path enters the clearing around the hotel. The view is arresting. The Connecticut emerges from behind Mount Sugarloaf, wanders through the Hadley fields, flows through the watergap just west of Mount Holyoke, and disappears far to the south beyond Springfield. Northampton is spread out below. Automobiles on the Hockanum Road look like so many moving dots. The hills between the Range and South Hadley are made of volcanic ash and lava; many have pipe-like cores which were the necks of ancient volcanoes. Off to the east are higher points on the Range which lie on the route to be followed. The path continues along the crest of the range and descends gradually to the toll road level at Taylor’s Notch. Here it is on sandstone, and the lava-sandstone contact is exposed on both sides of the gap. Sandstone cliffs rise fifty feet high a few yards down the road; and the fine arenaceous character of the rock and its bedding are visible at some distance.