[Illustration: LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM OLD SERPENTS TRAIL, before 1950 when the trail was still used by autos and trucks. One of John Otto’s old foot trails joins the old road at lower middle. Although no thick lenses of sandstone appear in the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation in figure 21, in this view a lens about 50 feet thick begins just around the corner near the base of the high bluff across No Thoroughfare Canyon and is seen extending as far to the left as the normally dry wash that drains the canyon. When water flows down the wash after thundershowers (see p. 118) or from melting snow, the sandstone lens takes in water (recharge) which moves slowly down the dip of the lens to the northeast and supplies several artesian wells. In turn, the light band of the Entrada Sandstone beneath the cottonwood trees at the right middle and the dark patch of Wingate Sandstone at the extreme lower right are recharged in like manner, and they supply water to artesian wells to the northeast. As the older and deeper sandstones on the right take in water at higher altitudes, the water in them is under greater artesian head when tapped by wells. If you think you see covered wagons near the middle of the photograph arranged in a circle for defense against attack by Indians, you are correct—a Western movie was about to be filmed. (Fig. 55)] [Illustration: Petroglyph] [Illustration: SOUTH PORTAL OF TUNNEL THROUGH WINGATE SANDSTONE, on west side of No Thoroughfare Canyon above East Entrance. (Fig. 56)] FOOT OF SERPENTS TRAIL Just beyond the lowest switchback shown in figure 54, we penetrate the Wingate Sandstone through a tunnel, the south portal of which is shown in figure 56. After we drive through a deep cut in the Wingate Sandstone just south of the tunnel, we cross the entire red Chinle Formation, then descend a series of switchbacks in old Proterozoic rocks. The Chinle Formation is crossed again near the foot of the hill, where it is about 80 feet thick,[39] then we recross the Wingate Sandstone and Kayenta Formation to the parking area in the Devils Kitchen Picnic Area, near the foot of the old Serpents Trail. DEVILS KITCHEN [Mile-marker 32] An improved marked trail leads southward from parking area at the foot of the Serpents Trail, crosses No Thoroughfare Canyon, and continues as an unimproved trail to the Devils Kitchen, a view of which is shown in figure 57. The petroglyphs shown in figure 4 are northeast of this parking area. Those interested in seeing them should inquire at the ranger station or checking station at the East Entrance. EAST ENTRANCE