The German Terror in Belgium: An Historical RecordToynbee, Arnold
History
The German Terror in Belgium: An Historical Record
Toynbee, Arnold
Belgium -- History -- German occupation, 1914-1918; World War, 1914-1918 -- Atrocities
There is a map in the German White Book which shows the quarters burnt
down. The incendiarism started in the _Station Square_, and spread
along the _Boulevard de Tirlemont_ as far as the _Tirlemont Gate_.
It was renewed across the railway and devastated the suburbs to the
east. Then it was extended up the _Rue de la Station_ into the heart of
the town, and here the _Church of St. Pierre_ was destroyed, and the
_University Halles_ with the priceless _University Library_--not by
mischance, as the German Report alleges, but by the deliberate work of
German troops, employing the same incendiary apparatus as had been used
already at Visé, Liége and elsewhere.[227]
The burning was directed by a German officer from the _Vieux Marché_, a
large open space near the centre of the town, and by another group of
officers stationed in the _Place du Peuple_.[228] The burning here is
described by a German officer[229] (whose evidence on other points has
been quoted above). “The Company,” he states, “continued to fire into
the houses. The fire of the inhabitants (_sic_) gradually died down.
Thereupon the German soldiers broke in the doors of the houses and set
the houses on fire, flinging burning petroleum lamps into the houses or
striking off the gas-taps, setting light to the gas which rushed out
and throwing table-cloths and curtains into the flames. Here and there
benzine was also employed as a means of ignition. The order to set fire
to the houses was given out by Colonel von Stubenrauch, whose voice I
distinguished....”
In the _Rue de la Station_ the Germans set the houses on fire with
incendiary bombs. This was seen by a Belgian witness,[230] and is
confirmed by the German officer just cited, who, in the _Place du
Peuple_, “heard repeatedly the detonation of what appeared to be heavy
guns” round about him. “I supposed,” he proceeds, “that artillery was
firing; but since there was none present, there is only one explanation
for this--that the inhabitants (_sic_) also threw hand-grenades.”
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