[24] It is however found in an inscription so far back as the year of Rome 531, before Christ 222, recording the victory of Claudius Marcellus over the Galli Insubres and their allies the Germans, at Clastidium, now Chiastezzo in the Milanese. [25] This is illustrated by a passage in Caesar, Bell. Gall. ii. 4, where, after mentioning that several of the Belgae were descended from the Germans who had formerly crossed the Rhine and expelled the Gauls, he says, "the first of these emigrants were the Condrusii, Eburones, Caeresi and Paemani, who were called by the common name of Germans." The derivation of German is _Wehr mann_, a warrior, or man of war. This appellation was first used by the victorious Cisrhenane tribes, but not by the whole Transrhenane nation, till they gradually adopted it, as equally due to them on account of their military reputation. The Tungri were formerly a people of great name, the relics of which still exist in the extent of the district now termed the ancient diocese of Tongres. [26] Under this name Tacitus speaks of some German deity, whose attributes corresponded in the main with those of the Greek and Roman Hercules. What he was called by the Germans is a matter of doubt.--_White_. [27] _Quem barditum vocant_. The word _barditus_ is of Gallic origin, being derived from _bardi_, "bards;" it being a custom with the Gauls for bards to accompany the army, and celebrate the heroic deeds of their great warriors; so that _barditum_ would thus signify "the fulfilment of the bard's office." Hence it is clear that _barditum_ could not be used correctly here, inasmuch as amongst the Germans not any particular, appointed, body of men, but the whole army chanted forth the war-song. Some editions have _baritum_, which is said to be derived from the German word _beren_, or _baeren_, "to shout;" and hence it is translated in some dictionaries as, "the German war-song." From the following passage extracted from Facciolati, it would seem, however, that German critics repudiate this idea: "De _barito_ clamore bellico, seu, ut quaedam habent exemplaria, _bardito_, nihil audiuimus nunc in Germaniâ: nisi hoc dixerimus, quòd _bracht_, vel _brecht_, milites Germani appellare consueverunt; concursum videlicet certantium, et clamorem ad pugnam descendentium; quem _bar, bar, bar_, sonuisse nonnulli affirmant."--(Andr. Althameri, Schol. in C. Tacit De Germanis.) Ritter, himself a German, affirms that _baritus_ is a reading worth nothing; and that _barritus_ was not the name of the ancient German war-song, but of the shout raised by the Romans in later ages when on the point of engaging; and that it was derived "a clamore barrorem, _i.e._ elephantorum." The same learned editor considers that the words "quem barditum vocant" have been originally the marginal annotation of some unsound scholar, and have been incorporated by some transcriber into the text of his MS. copy, whence the error has spread. He therefore encloses