The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn: A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and PatagoniaSpears, John Randolph
History
The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn: A Study of Life in Tierra del Fuego and Patagonia
Spears, John Randolph
Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) -- Description and travel
As has been said, the Yahgans had an abundance of food in the old days.
The cold waters about Cape Horn swarmed with whales. So numerous were
the fur seals that one sealing schooner got a "first knock down" on one
island of 11,000 head. The hair seal, the otter, and the sea lion were
found by the thousand. Swans, geese, ducks, penguins, gulls, beat the
air and ploughed the waters in uncounted hosts. There were fish in the
sea and guanacos on the land. For a vegetable food there was "a bright
yellow fungus," "elastic and turgid," that had "a mucillaginous,
slightly sweet taste, with a faint smell like that of a mushroom." There
were wild currants and strawberries that tasted more like a raspberry
than like its northern namesake. There was a berry that grew on a thorny
bush (berberis). But the mainstay of the Yahgan was the shell-fish.
Mussels and clams covered every rock under water, and these were alone
sufficient in number and in food qualities to preserve life for long
periods.
The explorers say the Yahgans ate guanaco meat raw. The Rev. Thomas
Bridges denies this. He says, in a lecture on the Yahgans, prepared for
delivery before white folks:
They toasted whale or seal blubber on pointed sticks stuck in the
ground, and caught the oil in large mussel shells placed
underneath. As these filled they poured the oil into bladders for
future use. They dried out fish fat by putting it in large shells
and placing heated stones or shells on it. They cooked large birds
whole by burying them in the coals with hot stones placed inside.
They baked eggs by placing them, after a small hole had been made
in each shell, on end close to the embers and turning them from
time to time. They uniformly ate the blood of animals, but always
cooked it in shells first. I have never seen or heard of the
Yahgans eating any kind of meat or fish raw except certain kinds of
limpets. I have occasionally heard of their heating water by
dropping hot stones into it, but they did not cook their vegetable
food. In winter, however, they warmed the frozen fungi that formed
a part of their diet.
A thousand other interesting facts and characteristics of this
long-despised tribe remain untold here.
There was their habit of carrying dry bird's down to catch the spark
when they struck fire with the iron ore they found on one island only.
They had a tradition that in by-gone years a great flood raised the
waters to the level of certain lines on the mountains, to which they
point the traveller.
They were sensitive about growing old, and it was because their beard
grew late in life and so indicated advancing years that the men plucked
it out.
They were a long-lived race, and some probably lived to be a hundred in
the old days.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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