Julian, Fragm. 4, ed. Hertlein, pp. 608 _sq._ On the vast woods of Germany, their coolness and shade, see also Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xvi. 5. Footnote 7: Ch. Elton, _Origins of English History_ (London, 1882), pp. 3, 106 _sq._, 224. Footnote 8: W. Helbig, _Die Italiker in der Poebene_ (Leipsic, 1879), pp. 25 _sq._ Footnote 9: H. Nissen, _Italische Landeskunde_, i. (Berlin, 1883) pp. 431 _sqq._ Footnote 10: Livy, ix. 36-38. The Ciminian mountains (_Monte Cimino_) are still clothed with dense woods of majestic oaks and chestnuts. Modern writers suppose that Livy has exaggerated the terrors and difficulties of the forest. See G. Dennis, _Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria_, 3rd Ed., i. 146-149. Footnote 11: C. Neumann und J. Partsch, _Physikalische Geographie von Griechenland_ (Breslau, 1885), pp. 357 _sqq._ I am told that the dark blue waters of the lake of Pheneus, which still reflected the sombre pine-forests of the surrounding mountains when I travelled in Arcadia in the bright unforgetable autumn days of 1895, have since disappeared, the subterranean chasms which drain this basin having been, whether accidentally or artificially, cleared so as to allow the pent-up waters to escape. The acres which the peasants have thereby added to their fields will hardly console future travellers for the loss of the watery mirror, which was one of the most beautiful, as it was one of the rarest, scenes in the parched land of Greece. Footnote 12: J. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_, 4th Ed., i. 53 _sqq._; O. Schrader, _Reallexikon der indo-germanischen Altertumskunde_ (Strasburg, 1901), _s.v._ “Tempel,” pp. 855 _sqq._ Footnote 13: Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xvi. 249 _sqq._; Maximus Tyrius, _Dissert._ viii. 8. Footnote 14: O. Schrader, _op. cit._ pp. 857 _sq._ Footnote 15: Tacitus, _Germania_, 9, 39, 40, 43; _id._, _Annals_, ii. 12, iv. 73; _id._, _Hist._ iv. 14; J. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_, 4th Ed., pp. 541 _sqq._; _Bavaria Landes- und Volkeskunde des Königreichs Bayern_, iii. 929 _sq._ Footnote 16: J. Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer_, pp. 519 _sq._; W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_ (Berlin, 1875), pp. 26 _sqq._ Footnote 17: Adam of Bremen, _Descriptio insularum Aquilonis_, 27 (Migne’s _Patrologia Latina_, vol. cxlvi. col. 644). Footnote 18: L. Leger, _La Mythologie slave_ (Paris, 1901), pp. 73-75, 188-190. Footnote 19: Mathias Michov, “De Sarmatia Asiana atque Europea,” in Simon Grynaeus’s _Novus Orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum_ (Paris, 1532), pp. 455 _sq._ [wrongly numbered 445, 446]; Martin Cromer, _De origine et rebus gestis Polonorum_ (Basel, 1568), p. 241; Fabricius, _Livonicae historiae compendiosa series_ (_Scriptores rerum Livonicarum_, ii. (Riga and Leipsic, 1848) p. 441). Footnote 20: See C. Bötticher, _Der Baumkultus der Hellenen_ (Berlin, 1856); L. Preller, _Römische Mythologie_, 3rd. Ed., i. 105-114. Footnote 21: