The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M76) In the foregoing account of the festival, drawn from the great
inscription of Denderah, the burial of Osiris figures prominently, while
his resurrection is implied rather than expressed. This defect of the
document, however, is amply compensated by a remarkable series of
bas-reliefs which accompany and illustrate the inscription. These exhibit
in a series of scenes the dead god lying swathed as a mummy on his bier,
then gradually raising himself up higher and higher, until at last he has
entirely quitted the bier and is seen erect between the guardian wings of
the faithful Isis, who stands behind him, while a male figure holds up
before his eyes the _crux ansata_, the Egyptian symbol of life.(192) The
resurrection of the god could hardly be portrayed more graphically. Even
more instructive, however, is another representation of the same event in
a chamber dedicated to Osiris in the great temple of Isis at Philae. Here
we see the dead body of Osiris with stalks of corn springing from it,
while a priest waters the stalks from a pitcher which he holds in his
hand. The accompanying inscription sets forth that “this is the form of
him whom one may not name, Osiris of the mysteries, who springs from the
returning waters.”(193) Taken together, the picture and the words seem to
leave no doubt that Osiris was here conceived and represented as a
personification of the corn which springs from the fields after they have
been fertilized by the inundation. This, according to the inscription, was
the kernel of the mysteries, the innermost secret revealed to the
initiated. So in the rites of Demeter at Eleusis a reaped ear of corn was
exhibited to the worshippers as the central mystery of their
religion.(194) We can now fully understand why at the great festival of
sowing in the month of Khoiak the priests used to bury effigies of Osiris
made of earth and corn. When these effigies were taken up again at the end
of a year or of a shorter interval, the corn would be found to have
sprouted from the body of Osiris, and this sprouting of the grain would be
hailed as an omen, or rather as the cause, of the growth of the
crops.(195) The corn-god produced the corn from himself: he gave his own
body to feed the people: he died that they might live.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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