The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk StoryGerould, Gordon Hall
General
The Grateful Dead: The History of a Folk Story
Gerould, Gordon Hall
Dead -- Folklore; Folk literature -- Themes, motives; Grateful dead (Tale)
It will be seen that Andersen simply embroidered the Norwegian tale
as was his wont, adding a good many picturesque details, and softening
some features. The changes do not materially affect the course of the
narrative, nor need they delay us here, interesting though they are
of themselves, [97] since the position of the variant with reference
to the story-type under consideration is perfectly clear. Norwegian
II. demands further attention. Like Esthonian II., Rumanian I., and
Irish I., II., and III., it has the form The Grateful Dead + The Poison
Maiden + The Water of Life. The burial of the dead is undisturbed,
but the agreement between the companions to divide their gains has
entirely disappeared, perhaps because the secondary theme takes so
large a place. The removal of the poisonous habitants of the bride
is clearly indicated, though it has been weakened into a flogging,
which is given, however, only just in time to save the bridegroom
from death. The subsequent milk bath seems to show a conflict between
the conclusions of the two subsidiary motives--the end of The Poison
Maiden being release from something like demonic possession, and that
of The Water of Life in this form being release from a spell--though
perhaps the bath is only a reduplication of the purifying process.
Simrock X. is not unlike the two variants just cited. A king's son
wastes his property, and is sent out to shift for himself. He pays
the debts of a naked corpse, and has only enough money left to pay
his reckoning at his inn. So he takes the body to a wood, and buries
it there. As he goes his way, he is met by a man, who becomes his
follower and secures three rods, a sword, and a pair of wings from a
dead raven. They come to a castle, where to win the king's daughter
the prince has to guess her thoughts for three days in succession. The
companion flies with her each night when she goes to her wizard for
counsel, and learns that the prince must say "bread," "the princess's
jewels," and "the wizard's head" in turn. On the last night he cuts off
the wizard's head and brings it to his master, who displays it at court
and so breaks the spell. When the couple are married, the companion
explains that he is the spirit of the dead man, and disappears.
This variant obviously belongs to the same type as those preceding. As
in Irish I. and II. the hero is a prince instead of a youth of
low birth; but there is no general uniformity in this trait. The
agreement of division and the violent dispossession of the heroine have
disappeared. Indeed, so far has The Water of Life supplanted the other
motives that the position of the tale is only evident when it is placed
side by side with other versions of the same class. When so considered,
however, the peculiar features of the succession of feats by which
the bride is won appear very prominently, and establish the type.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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