very important ethnological question, which, however, cannot be fully and conclusively settled until all the unknown parts of the Polar area have been explored. FOOTNOTE: [1] See the "Selection of Papers on Arctic Geography and Ethnology," printed for the use of the Expedition by the Royal Geographical Society, p. 163. CHAPTER VII. WALRUS HUNT.--DOG DRIVING. "So Zembla's rocks, the beauteous work of frost, Rise white in air, and glitter o'er the coast; Pale suns, unfelt, at distance roll away, And on the impassive ice the lightnings play; Eternal snows the growing mass supply, Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky: As Atlas fixed, each hoary pile appears, The gathered winter of a thousand years." POPE. During the remainder of the navigable season, I propose to present the narrative of the voyage in the form of a diary, giving the extracts as they were written down at the time, when the events they record were fresh in my memory. _Sunday, August 8th._--Snow fell very heavily during the forenoon, completely covering the surrounding hills, and lying several inches deep on our deck. Clearing up in the afternoon we found ourselves completely beset by the ice and drifting shorewards. Steam was resorted to and every effort made to reach a narrow lane of water, only a hundred yards distant, but without success. At four o'clock the ship experienced a slight nip, the ice piling up as high as our main chains, but fortunately for us it was of too soft a nature to do much damage. Half an hour afterwards the nip eased and the pack commenced to open, showing broad lanes of water. This sudden slackening of the ice was due to the total cessation of wind. We soon extricated ourselves from our unpleasant situation, and lay in eager readiness to take advantage of any opportunity of advancing that might offer itself. 11.30 P.M.--The ways of ice are indeed inscrutable! Five hours ago Grinnell Land loomed in the distance, and we had little prospect of reaching it for some time. Now we are actually made fast to the land-ice in Franklin Pierce Bay on the southern shore of Grinnell Land! We esteem ourselves particularly fortunate in having reached thus far. Cape Fraser is not far distant, and this appears to be our Rubicon. Once passed, fewer difficulties are anticipated. We may very fairly reason that to the northward of this promontory will be found a "North Water" similar to the one north of Baffin Bay, the ice remaining in the broad part of Smith Sound like the middle pack in Baffin Bay and Davis Straits. In the latitude of Cape Fraser Kane reported what he called an open Polar Sea, Hayes the same, whilst the "Polaris" actually navigated for some distance this "North Water." Why-should we find it different?