_________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Saponification | Acidity | Titre, | Water and | | Equivalent. | (as Oleic Acid) | deg.C. | Impurities, | | | Per Cent. | | Per Cent. | |________________|_________________|________|_____________| | | | | | | 278 | 10.7 | 45 | 1.6 | | 280 | 31.2 | 44.5 | 2.8 | |________________|_________________|________|_____________| Palm oil should absorb 51 to 56 per cent. iodine. In the lower qualities we have examples of the result of hydrolytic decomposition by enzymes, the free acidity often amounting to 70 per cent. _Cotton-seed Oil._--This oil is expressed from the seeds separated from the "wool" of the various kinds of cotton tree largely cultivated in America and Egypt. In its crude state cotton-seed oil is a dark fluid containing mucilaginous and colouring matter, and is not applicable for soap-making. The following figures are representative of well-refined cotton-seed oils:-- _____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Specific | Saponification | Acidity | Titre, | Refractive | | Gravity at| Equivalent. | (as Oleic Acid) | deg.C. | Index at | | 15 deg.C. | | Per Cent. | | 20 deg. C. | |___________|________________|_________________|________|____________| | | | | | | | 0.9229 | 290 | 0.24 | 33.6 | 1.4721 | | 0.924 | 299 | 0.39 | 35 | 1.4719 | |___________|________________|_________________|________|____________| Cotton-seed oil should absorb 104 to 110 per cent. iodine. _Cotton-seed Stearine._--The product obtained by pressing the deposit which separates on chilling refined cotton-seed oil. A typical sample tested:-- ___________________________________________ | | | | | Saponification | Acidity | Titre, | | Equivalent. | (as Oleic Acid) |deg.C. | | | Per Cent. | | |________________|_________________|________| | | | | | 285.1 | 0.05 | 38 | |________________|_________________|________| _Arachis Oil._--The earth-nut or ground-nut, from which arachis oil is obtained, is extensively cultivated in North America, India and Western Africa. Large quantities are exported to Marseilles where the oil is expressed. Arachis oil enters largely into the composition of Marseilles White Soaps. Representative samples of commercial and refined oils tested:--