The Historical Evidence for the Virgin BirthTaylor, Vincent
Religion
The Historical Evidence for the Virgin Birth
Taylor, Vincent
Bible. Gospels; Jesus Christ -- Nativity; Virgin birth
Take the case of ἀνήρ. In the NT. it occurs 212 times, and of these no
less than 125 appear in St. Luke’s works (26 in G. and 99 in Acts), i.e.
58 per cent. Still more remarkable is the result when we compare ἀνήρ and
ἄνθρωπος. Whereas the other Evangelists use ἄνθρωπος very frequently
indeed (218 times), they employ ἀνήρ only 20 times. St. Luke also
(especially in the Gospel) uses ἄνθρωπος frequently (93 times), but he has
ἀνήρ 26 times (cf. Mt. 8 times, Mk. 4 times, Jn. 8 times). If we take both
Lukan writings, the usage of ἄνθρωπος and ἀνήρ is roughly equal, whereas
in the rest of the NT. it is as 9 is to 2. We can say, therefore, that St.
Luke shows a liking for ἀνήρ, whereas Mt. Mk. and Jn. markedly prefer
ἄνθρωπος. However, the word is so common that we can lay no stress on the
fact that it occurs in i. 34, where the connexion demands it. We can only
note its congruity with a Lukan liking.
Καὶ ἀποκριθείς is also interesting, though not, of course, in any way
decisive. In Lk. the phrase occurs 14 times; in Mt. it is found 6 times;
in Mk. 8; never in the Fourth Gospel, and never in the Acts. It occurs,
that is to say, in those parts of the New Testament in which sources,
probably Aramaic,(53) are employed. This is in line with the view
expressed by Moulton and Milligan with regard to the aorist passive forms
of the verb.(54) They say that they incline to the opinion that ἀπεκρίθην
“belongs only to early Hellenistic, whence it was taken by the LXX
translators to render a common Hebrew phrase, passing thence into the
narrative parts of NT. as a definite ‘Septuagintalism’ ”. It is in keeping
with this view that καὶ ἀποκριθείς ... εἶπεν should appear in that part of
St. Luke’s Gospel where most of all we have reason to posit Semitic
sources, whether oral or documentary. As we have seen, half the record of
this expression in the New Testament, apart from Lk. i. 35, is in the
Third Gospel. The presence, then, of καὶ ἀποκριθείς in Lk. i. 35 is
congruous with these facts; more, perhaps, we cannot say.
A word like πῶς has no bearing on our present investigation, and the same
is true of ἄγγελος, δύναμις (otherwise, however, of δ. in combination with
nouns, &c., in the gen.), ἅγιος (very frequently in Lk.), εἶπεν (with
dat.),(55) and υἱὸς θεοῦ.
Μαριάμ (of the mother of Jesus) occurs more often in Lk. than in other NT.
writers (9 times and probably 10 in the G., once in Acts); the form Μαρία
appears but once (ii. 19 is doubtful). In Mk. Μαρία occurs once, Μαριάμ
never; in Mt. we find Μαρία 3 times and Μαριάμ probably twice. The use of
the form Μαριάμ in i. 34 is therefore in agreement with St. Luke’s usage,
but of course this does not preclude the hand of an interpolator, since
every instance of Μαριάμ (of the mother of Jesus) in the Third Gospel
occurs in the first two chapters.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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