[81] Vullers, "Fragmente über die Religion Zoroasters," s. 15-42; Haug, "Essays," p. 125. [82] Quatremère, "Journ. des Savants," 1840, p. 413. [83] Clemens Alex. "Strom." p. 598. [84] Diogen. Laert. prooem. The corrupt passage in Athenæus (p. 478) is not a sufficient reason for refusing to accept Hermippus of Smyrna as the author of the treatise on the Magians. Pliny could not quote the Berytian Hermippus. [85] Plin. "H. N." 30, 2. [86] "H. N." 37, 49, 55, 58; 26, 9; 27, 35; 28, 19, 27; 29, 38; 21, 36. [87] Philon. Bybl. fragm. 9, ed. Müller. [88] Dio Chrysost, ed. Dind. 2, 60. [89] Pausan. 5, 27, 3. [90] "Anab." 7, 11, 8. [91] _E.g._ the bas-relief on Mount Behistun in the winged victory, which refers to the battle between Vardanes and Gotarzes, between 40 and 50 A.D. [Cf. Rawlinson, "Sixth Monarchy," p. 389, where a sketch of the relief is given.] [92] Poseidonius in Strabo, p. 515; Justin, 42,1. [93] Herodian, 4, 30. [94] Plut. "Crassus," c. 29; "Anton." c. 47; Joseph. "Antiq." 18, 9, 3; Justin (12, 3), and Horace ("Ep." 1,2, 112), are of another opinion in regard to the latter point. [95] Above, p. 26. Arrian, "Parth." 2, ed. Müller; Eunap. p. 222. [96] Al Biruni in Droyson, "Hellenismus," 3^2, 372. [97] Vologeses I. reigned 50-80 A.D.; Vologeses II. 130-149 A.D.; Vologeses III. and IV. 149-208 A.D.; the son of the fourth, also Vologeses, reigned beside Artabanus IV. [98] Joseph. "Ant." 18, 9, 1; "Bell. Jud." Prooem. 1, 2; Ammian. Marcell. 23, 6. [99] Ammian. Marcell. 17, 5. [100] Nöldeke, "Tabari." s. 437. [101] De Sacy, "Memoires de l'institut Cl. Hist." 2, 162-242. [Rawlinson, "Seventh Monarchy," p. 70, 606.] [102] Rawlinson, _loc. cit._ p. 602, 607, 92 ff. [103] Agathias, 2, 26. [104] Sozomen, "H. Eccl." 2, 10, 12. [105] Menandri Protect. fragm. 11, ed. Müller. [106] [Cf. Rawlinson, "Seventh Monarchy," p. 96 ff.] [107] Spiegel, Avesta, 3, 214, 218, 219, 227. [108] Above, p. 17. On the date of these translations, Haug, "Pahlavi-Pazand Glossary," p. 147. [109] Quatreinère, "Journal des Savants," 1840, p. 412. [110] Haug, "Pahlavi-Pazand Glossary," p. 120 ff.; 128 ff. West, "Pahlavi Texts," part 1. Introd. § 2. [111] Lepsius, "Zendalphabet, Abh. B. Akad." 1862, s. 338; Lenormant, "Sur l'alphabet Pehlevi Journ. Asiat. 1^{er}." 6, 6, 180 ff.; Levy, "Beiträge Z. D. M. G.", 21, 459 ff. From Ardeshir down to Narses, _i.e._ from 226 to 302 A.D., the writing on the coins agrees with the West Pehlevi of the monuments of the Sassanids. From 302 to 600 A.D. the character on the coins is different. From 600 the writing on the coins agrees with the MSS. of the Parsees; Mordtmann, "Z. D. M. G." 8, 12 ff. [112] Lepsius, _loc. cit._ s. 306. [113] Westergaard, "Avesta," 1, 4 ff.