1. Ezra, who, according to this list, must have survived to the reign of Darius Codomannus, fully 200 years. 2. Simon the Just (identified by some with Jaddua who received Alexander the Great). 3. Antigonus of Soco. 4. Joseph of Zeredah. 5. Joshua, banished by Hyrcanus. 6. Judah, contemporary with A. Jann. 7. Shemaiah. 8. Hillel, the renowned Jewish Doctor. 9. Simeon, son of Hillel, supposed by some to be the same who took Jesus into his arms (St. Luke ii. 25). 10. Gamaliel (St. Paul’s teacher). 11. Simeon, son of Gamaliel, killed during the siege of Jerusalem. 12. Jochanan. 13. Gamaliel II., son of Simeon, first Patriarch of Jerusalem. 14. Simeon, called the Just. 15. Judah II., called Hakkadosh. 16. Gamaliel III., in whose time the Sanhedrin is said to have ceased to exist. 17. Judah II. 18. Hillel II., who drew up the permanent Jewish calendar. 19. Judah III. 20. Hillel III. 21. Gamaliel IV., with whom the Patriarchate of Tiberias expired, A.D. 429. [41] It may be that it was not against the Jews, but the Samaritans, that Severus waged war, and that he temporarily confounded them with the Jews. The Romans continually made such mistakes. [42] Some of the Rabbins assert that Caracalla received circumcision, but with no more evidence in support of their statement than in the instance of Antoninus. There was, however, something unusual in the education of Caracalla. Tertullian says that he received a Christian education ‘lacte Christiano educatus’ (Tertull. _ad Scop._). If so, he profited but little by it. [43] This seems to have been notorious, as the nickname of the ‘Ruler of the Synagogue,’ given him by the wits of the day, seems to indicate. [44] This extraordinary man was born at Tyana, in Cappadocia, a year or two before our Lord. Hierocles, A.D. 300, wrote a comparison between him and Jesus Christ, in which the main points of resemblance are his (supposed) miraculous birth and power of working miracles, his attempt to reform the religion of the world, and the voice from heaven, which is said to have summoned him from earth. His history, written by Philostratus is overlaid with exaggeration and fable; but he is to be regarded rather as an enthusiast and a mystic than as an impostor. His fame was at its zenith in the time of Alexander Severus. [45] Theodoret, _de Hær. Fab. Athanas, de solit. vit._ [46] Zenobia has been claimed as an upholder of, if not a convert to, Christianity. She was probably an eclectic with no settled faith. Hence her patronage of Paul.