sought a field for its workings in theology, science, literature, no less than in politics and war. As it was this wondrous activity that made him the conqueror of Europe, so was it by the variety of his culture that he became her civilizer. From him, in whose wide deep mind the whole mediæval theory of the world and human life mirrored itself, did mediæval society take the form and impress which it retained for centuries, and the traces whereof are among us and upon us to this day. The great Emperor was buried at Aachen, in that basilica which it had been the delight of his later years to erect and adorn with the treasures of ancient art. His tomb under the dome--where now we see an enormous slab, with the words 'Carolo Magno'--was inscribed, '_Magnus atque Orthodoxus Imperator_[84].' Poets, fostered by his own zeal, sang of him who had given to the Franks the sway of Romulus[85]. The gorgeous drapery of romance gradually wreathed itself round his name, till by canonization as a saint he received the highest glory the world or the Church could confer. For the Roman Church claimed then, as she claims still, the privilege which humanity in one form or another seems scarce able to deny itself, of raising to honours almost divine its great departed; and as in pagan times temples had risen to a deified Emperor, so churches were dedicated to St. Charlemagne. Between Sanctus Carolus and Divus Julius how strange an analogy and how strange a contrast! FOOTNOTES: [60] Before the end of the tenth century we find the monk Benedict of Soracte ascribing to Charles an expedition to Palestine, and other marvellous exploits. The romance which passes under the name of Archbishop Turpin is well known. All the best stories about Charles--and some of them are very good--may be found in the book of the Monk of St. Gall. Many refer to his dealings with the bishops, towards whom he is described as acting like a good-humoured schoolmaster. [61] Baronius, _Ann._, ad ann. 800; Bellarminus, _De translatione imperii Romani adversus Illyricum_; Spanhemius, _De ficta translatione imperii_; Conringius, _De imperio Romano Germanico_. [62] See especially Greenwood, _Cathedra Petri_, vol. iii. p. 109. [63] _Ann. Lauresb. ap._ Pertz, _M. G. H._ i. [64] _Apud_ Pertz, _M. G. H._ i. [65] _Vitæ Pontif._ in Mur. _S. R. I._ Anastasius in reporting the shout of the people omits the word 'Romanorum,' which the other annalists insert after 'imperatori.' The balance of probability is certainly in his favour. [66] Lorentz, _Leben Alcuins_. And cf. Döllinger, _Das Kaiserthum Karls des Grossen und seiner Nachfolger_. [67] See a very learned and interesting tract entitled _Das Kaiserthum Karls des Grossen und seiner Nachfolger_, recently published by Dr. v. Döllinger of Munich. [68] Ἀποκρισιάριοι παρὰ Καρούλλου καὶ Λέοντος αἰτούμενοι ζευχθῆναι αὐτὴν τῷ Καρούλλῳ πρὸς γάμον καὶ ἑνῶσαι τὰ Ἑωὰ καὶ τὰ Ἑσπερία.--Theoph. _Chron._ in _Corp. Scriptt. Hist. Byz._