The honey-bee: its nature, homes and productsHarris, William Hetherington
Science
The honey-bee: its nature, homes and products
Harris, William Hetherington
Bee culture; Bees
"The precautions taken seem to me to have placed the colours on an
equal footing; while the number of experiments appears sufficient to
give a fair average." As this table differs in form from the other, it
may be as well to explain the first _line_ of figures in illustration
of the whole. The first series consisted of eleven experiments. The
preferences were noted as before, and when the numbers indicating
these were added up, the results were that twenty-six represented the
total for the blue glass, thirty-nine for the green, fifty-one for
the orange, sixty-five for the plain glass, fifty-five for the red,
thirty-five for the white, and thirty-seven for the yellow the blue
being again manifestly the most attractive colour to the bees. Some
practical bee-keepers consider the question by no means settled. The
field is doubtless open for further exploration.
_The Antennæ._ In the front part of the head are two organs,
which appear to supplement, in some remarkable way, probably by
touch-sensations, the power of vision, and also to possess other
capabilities constituting a sense to which _we_ have nothing strictly
analogous. These organs are called _antennæ_. They spring from origins
near together, at equal distances from the medial and anterior point of
the head, and are connected, by distinct and somewhat large filaments,
with the nerve matter forming the cephalic ganglia. Externally they
consist, first, of one segment nearest the head, much longer than the
rest. This part is called the _scape_. Then, forming a sort of elbow
with it, is the _flagellum_, consisting of eleven joints in queens and
workers, and of twelve in the drones. These segments are tubular, and
so attached to each other as to give the greatest possible freedom of
motion. Their extremities are wonderfully sensitive, and it is probable
that there is a very delicate power of feeling in each of the joints.
For the cleansing of these organs, special provision is made in the
construction of the fourth and fifth joints of the most forward pair of
legs. At the anterior part of the tibia, or fourth joint, is a spur,
within, and at the base of, which is a small angular projection, called
the _velum_ or _sail_. At the base of the next joint, and opposite
the play of this _velum_, is found a deep notch. From the fact of its
being fringed with hairs, this is called the _curry-comb_. Upon this
notch the velum can act at the will of the insect, and, when shut over
one another, they form a circular orifice, just large enough to take
the antennæ. When the latter organ needs cleansing, it is laid within
the notch: the velum is pressed over it, and being drawn through the
round space, dust and other soilures are removed from its surface.
So particular are the bees about keeping their antennæ thoroughly
clean, that they may often be observed continuing this operation of
drawing them through the curry-comb till perfectly satisfied with their
condition.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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