This describes the method pursued formerly and which some of the old
men have witnessed. Now the Hopi eagle hunters take upon themselves
the difficult and somewhat hazardous task of visiting the eyries to
seize the eaglets. Not all are taken from the nest, since a wise
prohibition requires that some be left to continue the species. The
eaglets are brought to the pueblo, where their heads are washed with
due ceremony, and they are sprinkled with sacred meal. Then the
feathers are plucked out and the birds are killed by pressure on the
breastbone so as not to shed blood, and they are buried in a special
cemetery in a cleft among the rocks where a few stones are put upon
the bodies after the ritual. At the close of the ceremony of the
departure of the gods, called the Niman, or Farewell ceremony, small
painted wooden dolls and little bows and arrows are placed upon the
eagle graves and liberally sprinkled with sacred meal.
But this does not end the Hopi eagle customs. Near the school at
Dawapa, below Walpi, one may stumble upon a collection of oval objects
of wood, placed among rocks, some weathered and some bearing traces of
spots of white paint and feathers. He may learn also that this is an
eagle shrine and that these wooden eggs are prayers for the increase
of eagles prepared during the Soyaluna or Winter Solstice ceremony.
At present figurines of the domestic animals are also offered for the
same purpose. Perhaps we have here a step toward the domestication of
animals which was carried out with the turkey, parrot, and dog. In any
case, however, there is shown the veneration of the Hopi for the birds
of the air and especially the eagle, which is honored in the symbols
of so many peoples.
Among the sacred animals of the Hopi the turkey is of great
importance. In accord with the belief that the markings on the tail
feathers were caused by the foam and slime of an ancient deluge, the
feathers are prescribed for all pahos; since through their mythical
association with water they have great power in bringing rain. The
Spanish Conquerors of the sixteenth century when they visited the
pueblos spoke of "cocks with great hanging chins" they saw there, and
this is the first notice of the bird for which the world is indebted
to America. In the villages turkeys roam around without restraint and
become household pets. Sometimes also they dispute the entrance of a
village by a stranger and put him to a great deal of annoyance by
their attacks, which are usually in the nature of a surprise from the
rear. At present the Hopi keep them for their feathers, which are
plucked as occasion requires, so that the village turkey commonly has
a ragged appearance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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