The I. W. W.: A Study of American SyndicalismBrissenden, Paul F. (Paul Frederick)
History
The I. W. W.: A Study of American Syndicalism
Brissenden, Paul F. (Paul Frederick)
Industrial Workers of the World; Syndicalism
Every industrial unionist [he declared] who thoroughly
understands the deeper mission of his organization will reach
class-conscious political action. An industrial union cannot
increase the average wage. In some cases it may be less likely
than the craft unions to prevent the decrease in wages....
Socialist to the core must the new economic organization
be--and when the June convention has painted the skull and
cross-bones on the door of "pure and simpledom," that last
working-class compromise with capitalism, there will probably
issue a political organization strong in numbers, but stronger
in principle, because raised by the revolutionary spirit high
above "mere vote-getting subterfuge."[148]
In reply to this, A. M. Simons, the editor, declares that,
if it is true that the new union is to be less powerful on the
economic field than the pure and simple unions, and is simply
to constitute a new political party jabbering a lot of jargon
about general strikes and installing its officers as rulers of
the coöperative commonwealth, then it is doomed to a short and
sickening life.[149]
A very reasonable interpretation of this political clause is that the
working class must be united politically, but not necessarily that that
union is, or is in, or has any connection with, the I. W. W. However,
the sequel showed that it was fatal to the unity of the organization.
Three years later it proved to be the rock on which the movement split,
bringing about the bifurcated organization we know at the present
time; with a direct-actionist wing, non-political, and with a new and
expurgated edition of the preamble, and a DeLeonite or doctrinaire
wing, pro-political--another Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance--with
the same old preamble and the same old political clause.[150]
The constitution provided a highly centralized scheme of administration
involving a mixed hierarchy of power. The general organization was
divided into thirteen international industrial divisions (later called
"departments"). Each of these departmental divisions was supposed
to comprise an allied group of industries, grouped together for
administrative purposes. In the original report of the constitution
committee the industrial or occupational "sphere of influence" of each
division was specified in detail. The world's industries were divided
into thirteen administrative groups. The report provided that the
organization should be composed of thirteen international industrial
unions, designated as follows:
Division 1 shall be composed of all persons working in the
following industries: Clerks, salesmen, tobacco, packing
houses, flour mills, sugar refineries, dairies, bakeries, and
kindred industries.
Division 2: Brewery, wine and distillery workers.
Division 3: Floriculture, stock and general farming.
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