The Ice Crop: How to Harvest, Store, Ship and Use IceHiles, Theron L.
History
The Ice Crop: How to Harvest, Store, Ship and Use Ice
Hiles, Theron L.
Ice
REFRIGERATOR VESSELS.--On board the fastest steamships plying between
our Atlantic ports and Europe, are found extensive refrigerator
compartments. Dressed beef and mutton are exported in large quantities,
as well as fruits, vegetables, dairy products and oysters. The
temperature, for meat, is maintained a few degrees below the freezing
point. Air machines are principally used on the ocean, the brisk
circulation of air which they maintain being an advantage. The enormous
quantities of dressed meat transported from the United States,
Argentine, New Zealand and Australia, to Europe, requires a large fleet
of steamers, some of which are equipped, at considerable expense,
for this special service. In connection with these vessels, at both
shipping and receiving wharfs, are large storehouses, where the frozen
meat is held, awaiting shipment, or received after its voyage.
IN TRANSPORTING FRUIT ON THE OCEAN, a large fleet find employment; in
it are found steamers built with insulated hulls formed by lining the
outer steel hull with wood and packing the inclosed space with powdered
charcoal. Refrigerator service is essential to success in transporting
the more delicate fruits such as pears, peaches, cherries and plums
which have been landed in London from California and South Africa in
excellent condition in this way.
Ventilation, in connection with insulated hulls, is depended on in
handling most of the tropical fruits imported into this country.
Bananas from Central and South American and West India ports form the
staple commodity, giving employment to an extensive fleet of very
excellent boats. From Southern Europe large quantities of fruit are
exported, oranges, lemons, grapes and nuts forming the bulk of the
shipments which are carried in steamers in well ventilated compartments.
The development of the fruit traffic from different districts is
attaining huge proportions with the control of the proper conditions
for transit which shippers now have within their reach. Fruit shipments
are now made to England from Florida and California, Southern Europe,
South Africa and Australia. The shipments from one land forming the
complement of those from others, a continual supply of the finest fresh
fruits is available.
ICE IN THE FISHERIES.--It is now long ago that fresh fish were to be
enjoyed only at places near by the fishing grounds. Now they are in
the market the year round. During the season when fish may be caught,
those not entering into immediate consumption are placed in cold
storage rooms and frozen, to be taken out at any later time as they are
wanted. Such storage houses are found in connection with all important
fishing stations on the New England coast, along the great lakes, and
among the salmon fisheries of the Northern Pacific. When the fishing
boats start on a cruise they are loaded with ice, with which the fish
are preserved, and the fishermen are not obliged to return home with a
small catch to prevent its spoiling.
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