The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of DublinNewman, John Henry
Religion
The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin
Newman, John Henry
Education, Higher; Universities and colleges
Again, did I know nothing about the movement of bodies, except what the
theory of gravitation supplies, were I simply absorbed in that theory so
as to make it measure all motion on earth and in the sky, I should indeed
come to many right conclusions, I should hit off many important facts,
ascertain many existing relations, and correct many popular errors: I
should scout and ridicule with great success the old notion, that light
bodies flew up and heavy bodies fell down; but I should go on with equal
confidence to deny the phenomenon of capillary attraction. Here I should
be wrong, but only because I carried out my science irrespectively of
other sciences. In like manner, did I simply give myself to the
investigation of the external action of body upon body, I might scoff at
the very idea of chemical affinities and combinations, and reject it as
simply unintelligible. Were I a mere chemist, I should deny the influence
of mind upon bodily health; and so on, as regards the devotees of any
science, or family of sciences, to the exclusion of others; they
necessarily become bigots and quacks, scorning all principles and reported
facts which do not belong to their own pursuit, and thinking to effect
everything without aid from any other quarter. Thus, before now, chemistry
has been substituted for medicine; and again, political economy, or
intellectual enlightenment, or the reading of the Scriptures, has been
cried up as a panacea against vice, malevolence, and misery.
4.
Summing up, Gentlemen, what I have said, I lay it down that all knowledge
forms one whole, because its subject-matter is one; for the universe in
its length and breadth is so intimately knit together, that we cannot
separate off portion from portion, and operation from operation, except by
a mental abstraction; and then again, as to its Creator, though He of
course in His own Being is infinitely separate from it, and Theology has
its departments towards which human knowledge has no relations, yet He has
so implicated Himself with it, and taken it into His very bosom, by His
presence in it, His providence over it, His impressions upon it, and His
influences through it, that we cannot truly or fully contemplate it
without in some main aspects contemplating Him. Next, sciences are the
results of that mental abstraction, which I have spoken of, being the
logical record of this or that aspect of the whole subject-matter of
knowledge. As they all belong to one and the same circle of objects, they
are one and all connected together; as they are but aspects of things,
they are severally incomplete in their relation to the things themselves,
though complete in their own idea and for their own respective purposes;
on both accounts they at once need and subserve each other. And further,
the comprehension of the bearings of one science on another, and the use
of each to each, and the location and limitation and adjustment and due
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