2. Is this appearance of a shrunken vitreous body definitely pathological? The answer is in the affirmative, for the following reasons: (_a_) All these globes were treated alike, being dropped into 5 per cent. formalin solution on removal, and kept there till frozen and cut. (_b_) Normal eyeballs treated in this way present no such evidence of definite vitreous structure. (_c_) Every grade can be traced in the series before us, between the appearance of delicate filmy membranes in the vitreous and the presence of firmly organised structures. (_d_) Though it is very difficult to examine these exudates satisfactorily under the microscope, there are a large number of specimens which definitely show evidence of an inflammatory exudation, strengthening and thickening the vitreous body. In not a few of these the anterior hyaloid membrane (the term is used in a non-committal sense) is definitely thickened and infiltrated with inflammatory material (Pl. III., Fig. 20). The conclusion arrived at is that these widely varying evidences of structural alteration in the vitreous body are to be interpreted as due to the penetration of the hyaloid by inflammatory material of chemotaxic origin, and to the subsequent organisation of that infiltration. (_e_) There still remains the clinical evidence. The author was increasingly reluctant, as his Indian experience accumulated, to remove lenses which had been couched. It was not that vitreous escaped, but that the results of operation were usually poor, and that the blame of the lost sight was then apt to be most unfairly ascribed to the extraction operation. In view of the frequent occurrence of vitreous changes, this failure to help the patients is easily explained. Major Kirkpatrick has taken a different, and possibly a more generous, view of the position, and has removed a number of these couched lenses. His evidence is of extreme interest in the light of our recent pathological findings; he has been “struck by the rarity of vitreous escape even after a fairly extensive investigation with a spoon” in extracting couched lenses. He adds: “I have noticed that the vitreous body becomes shrunken and extraordinarily tough, so much so that when an eye is excised (either for glaucoma or for iridocyclitis following Mahomedan operation), the whole globe can be held up by a strabismus hook transfixing the vitreous, though the latter appears perfectly clear. The vitreous undoubtedly does undergo shrinkage, and leaves a large space, which is occupied by aqueous.”